Passiva in Portuguese grammar refers to the passive voice, a construction in which the subject of the sentence receives the action of the verb, rather than performing it. The passive voice is formed by combining a form of the verb ser (to be) with the past participle of a verb. In Portuguese, there are two types of passive constructions: the normal passive structure (with an explicit agent) and the impersonal passive structure (without an explicit agent). The choice between these two constructions depends on whether the speaker wants to emphasize the agent or the action itself. Learning how to form and use passiva is an essential part of studying Portuguese grammar, as it allows for greater flexibility and precision in expressing ideas.
Exercise 1 – Identifying and Replacing the Passive Voice Verb Form
1. A carta *foi escrita* (was written) pelo professor.
2. O livro *será publicado* (will be published) amanhã.
3. As regras *são seguidas* (are followed) pelos alunos.
4. As casas *foram construídas* (were built) pelos trabalhadores.
5. A pizza *está sendo feita* (is being made) na cozinha.
6. A lição *seria entregue* (would be handed) mais tarde.
7. As crianças *estavam sendo cuidadas* (were being taken care of) pela babá.
8. Os documentos *haviam sido assinados* (had been signed) pelo advogado.
9. A boneca *havia sido quebrada* (had been broken) acidentalmente.
10. O filme *vai ser assistido* (is going to be watched) por todos nós.
Exercise 2 – Identifying and Replacing the Passive Voice Verb Form
1. O carro *foi vendido* (was sold) na semana passada.
2. As letras *são escritas* (are written) com caneta.
3. O projeto *será aprovado* (will be approved) pelo chefe.
4. Os cookies *estão sendo feitos* (are being made) na cozinha.
5. O vestido *foifeito* (was made) pela costureira.
6. A festa *havia sido organizada* (had been organized) pelos amigos.
7. A escultura *será feita* (will be made) pelo artista.
8. A apresentação *estava sendo preparada* (was being prepared) pelo grupo.
9. O cheque *foi assinado* (was signed) pelo diretor.
10. Os prêmios *serão entregues* (will be awarded) na semana que vem.
