In the Czech language, grammatical cases play a crucial role in determining the function of a noun, pronoun, adjective, or numeral within a sentence. There are seven cases in total, which are: nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, vocative, locative, and instrumental. Each case has a distinct grammatical function and is indicated by specific endings for nouns and adjectives, as well as different prepositions for certain cases. Mastering cases is essential for understanding and forming coherent sentences in Czech.