Formation of Superlative Adjectives in Kazakh

The Kazakh language employs a simple yet effective method for forming superlative adjectives, primarily using the suffix -ең added to the comparative form of an adjective or adverb. The following examples will illustrate the transformation:

• Kәмпір (old) → Kәмпіррең (oldest)
• Жоғары (high) → Жоғарырең (highest)

In certain cases, a slight modification of the suffix might be necessary to accommodate specific vowels or consonants and maintain the harmonious sound of the Kazakh language:

• Табиғи (natural) → Табиғирең (most natural)
• Ашық (open) → Ашықтың (most open)

Usage of Superlative Adjectives in Sentences

Superlative adjectives are typically used when comparing three or more subjects or when defining the highest grade of a particular quality in a group, entity, or situation. Here are some examples:

Ол Мәскеудең ең үлкен қаласы. (It is the largest city in Moscow.)

Бұл кітап ол кітаптың ең қызықтысы. (This book is the most interesting of those books.)

Expressing Intensifiers with Superlative Adjectives

Occasionally, the need arises to emphasize the extremeness of the superlative degree. In these cases, Kazakh grammar offers an additional method to intensify the superlative adjective, using the word әйгілі before the adjective:

Ол әйгілі ең жақсы жазушы. (He is by far the best writer.)

This method underscores the exaggerated aspect of the superlative degree, setting it apart from standard usage.

Irregular Superlative Adjectives in Kazakh

Similar to most languages, Kazakh also features a few irregular adjectives that do not follow standard rules when forming their superlative degree:

• Жаман (bad) → Ең жаман (worst)
• Жақсы (good) → Ең жақсы (best)

Awareness of these exceptions is instrumental for accurate communication in both spoken and written Kazakh.

Conclusion

Superlative adjectives are vital components of Kazakh grammar as they permit the comparison of qualities and characteristics to their utmost extent. By mastering the rules governing their formation, usage, and exceptions, individuals can communicate with precision and clarity in the Kazakh language. These guidelines aim to serve as a foundation for understanding the intricacies of superlative adjectives in Kazakh grammar, paving the way for advanced expression and comprehension.