What are Proper Nouns?
Proper nouns, or ingoa whakahua in the Māori language, are specific and unique names given to individuals, places, and organizations. In Maori grammar, proper nouns are essential as they help distinguish between specific and general references.

Identifying Proper Nouns in the Māori Language

• Capitalization of the first letter
• Usage as appellation for individuals, places, or organizations
• No requirement for an accompanying article

Usage of Capitalization
The first letter in a proper noun is capitalized in the Māori language. This helps them to stand out from common nouns and indicates their specific nature.

Examples:

• Tāmaki Makaurau – Auckland
• Aotearoa – New Zealand
• Te Reo Māori – the Māori language

Maori Proper Nouns for People, Geographical Locations, and Organizations

People
Māori proper nouns are used to refer to people’s names, with certain patterns and cultural aspects embedded within them.

Examples:

• Hone – John
• Mere – Mary
• Wiremu – William

Geographical Locations
Naming geographical locations in the Māori language involves using proper nouns that carry historical and cultural significance.

Examples:

• Rotorua – a city on the North Island of New Zealand
• Waikato – a region on the North Island of New Zealand
• Te Waipounamu – the South Island of New Zealand

Organizations
Corporate bodies and institutional names are also classified as proper nouns in Maori grammar.

Examples:

• Te Wananga o Aotearoa – a tertiary education provider in New Zealand
• Te Taura Whiri i te Reo Māori – the Māori Language Commission

Demonym Usage in Māori Grammar

Demonym refers to the proper noun used to identify people from certain geographical locations. In Māori, demonym often begins with the word tāngata (people), followed by the specific area reference.

Examples:

• Tāngata whenua – indigenous people of a particular region
• Tāngata Raukawa – people belonging to the Raukawa tribe

Conclusion

Proper nouns play a crucial role in Māori grammar, contributing to the unique features and cultural significance of the language. By understanding the proper usage of these nouns, learners of te reo Māori can enhance their communication and comprehension abilities, as well as their appreciation for the rich heritage and history of the Māori people.