Formation of Present Perfect Tense in Tamil Grammar

In the Tamil language, the present perfect tense is formed by combining the root verb with the appropriate tense marker. These tense markers indicate whether the subject is singular or plural, the gender of the subject, and the aspect of the verb related to the action. Below are the key aspects to be considered when forming the present perfect tense in Tamil grammar:

Tense Markers

The usage of tense markers plays a crucial role in the formation of the present perfect tense. An essential tense marker in the context of present perfect tense is “-ஆன்” (āṉ). This marker is attached to the root verb and combines with the auxiliary verb “இருக்கின்றார்” (irukkiṉṟār) to indicate completion of an action. The following are some examples of Tamil verbs with the tense marker:

1) படித்து – படித்து ஆன் (paṭittu – paṭittu āṉ) – Read
2) செய்து – செய்து ஆன் (ceytu – ceytu āṉ) – Done
3) எழுது – எழுது ஆன் (eḻutu – eḻutu āṉ) – Written

Subject Agreement

It is important to maintain subject-verb agreement in the Tamil language as the tense marker changes according to the subject’s gender and plurality. Here’s a list of subject agreement markers for the present perfect tense:

1) For male, singular subjects: -ஆன் (-āṉ)
2) For female, singular subjects: -ஆள் (-āḷ)
3) For plural subjects (irrespective of gender): -ஆர்கள் (-ārkaḷ)

Using the Present Perfect Tense in Tamil Grammar

Here are some examples that demonstrate the application of the present perfect tense in Tamil grammar with various subjects and verbs:

1) He has eaten.
அவன் சாப்பிட்டு ஆன் (avaṉ cāppittu āṉ)
2) She has finished her work.
அவள் வேலை முடித்து ஆள் (avaḷ vēlai muṭittu āḷ)
3) They have arrived.
அவர்கள் வந்து ஆர்கள் (avarkaḷ vaṇṭu ārkaḷ)

Negative Form and Interrogative Form in Present Perfect Tense

It’s essential to understand the negative and interrogative forms of the present perfect tense to frame sentences accordingly.

Negative Form: Add “இல்லை” (illai) after the tense marker to form the negative structure of the present perfect tense. For example:

1) He has not eaten.
அவன் சாப்பிட்டு ஆன் இல்லை (avaṉ cāppittu āṉ illai)

Interrogative Form: Place “ஆ” (ā) before the tense marker to form questions in the present perfect tense. For example:

1) Has he eaten?
அவன் சாப்பிட்டு ஆ ஆன் (avaṉ cāppittu ā āṉ)

Conclusion

The present perfect tense in Tamil grammar is an essential aspect that learners should master to effectively communicate in the language. Keep in mind the tense markers, subject agreements, and negative and interrogative forms to form accurate and meaningful sentences in Tamil. With practice and understanding, achieving proficiency in the present perfect tense becomes feasible for all learners.