Formation of Possessive Adjectives in Turkish

The process of forming possessive adjectives in Turkish involves attaching suffixes to a noun, thereby indicating ownership. There are six suffixes indicating possession for singular nouns and a separate set for plural nouns:

Singular Possessive Suffixes:

• -(i)m: my
• -(i)n: your (singular informal)
• -(i) or -si: his/her/its
• -(i)miz: our
• -(i)niz: your (plural or singular formal)
• -(i)leri or -leri: their

Plural Possessive Suffixes:

• -ler(i)m: my
• -ler(i)n: your (singular informal)
• -ler(i) or -leri: his/her/its
• -ler(i)miz: our
• -ler(i)niz: your (plural or singular formal)
• -ler(i)leri or -leri: their

Note that the “(i)” in the above suffixes denotes vowel harmony, depending on the noun’s last vowel.

Application of Possessive Adjectives in Sentences

Possessive adjectives are attached directly to the noun they modify. Here, we provide examples illustrating each possessive adjective in the context of a sentence:

1. -(i)m (my): Kedim yatakta uyuyor. (My cat is sleeping in the bed.)

2. -(i)n (your – singular informal): Arabaın çok güzel. (Your car is beautiful.)

3. -(i) or -si (his/her/its): Köpeği bahçede oynuyor. (His/her dog is playing in the garden.)

4. -(i)miz (our): Evimiz şehir merkezinde. (Our house is in the city center.)

5. -(i)niz (your – plural or singular formal): İşinizde başarılar dilerim. (I wish you success in your job.)

6. -(i)leri or -leri (their): Öğrencilerin projeleri oldukça ilginç. (Their students’ projects are quite interesting.)

Vowel Harmony in Possessive Adjectives

As previously mentioned, the “(i)” in possessive suffixes follows the Turkish vowel harmony rules. Below is a summary of the rules for vowel harmony in the context of possessive adjectives:

• If the last vowel of the noun is a or ı, use -m, -n, -sı, -mız, -nız, -ları.
• If the last vowel of the noun is e or i, use -im, -in, -i, -imiz, -iniz, -leri.
• If the last vowel of the noun is o or u, use -um, -un, -u, -umuz, -unuz, -ları.
• If the last vowel of the noun is ö or ü, use -üm, -ün, -ü, -ümüz, -ünüz, -leri.

Conclusion

Mastering possessive adjectives in Turkish grammar is essential for expressing ownership and creating complex sentences. By understanding the formation, application, and vowel harmony rules associated with Turkish possessive adjectives, you can effectively strengthen your knowledge and use of the Turkish language.