Formation of the Past Perfect Progressive tense

The Past Perfect Progressive tense, also known as the Past Perfect Continuous, is used to convey an action that was ongoing in the past up until a certain point in time. In Swahili, it is formed by using the auxiliary verb -kuwa in conjunction with the present participle of the main verb, which is formed by adding the prefix -ki-.

Here is a step-by-step guide on how to form the Past Perfect Progressive tense in Swahili:

1. Begin with the appropriate subject prefix for the pronoun or noun class you are working with.
2. Add the auxiliary verb -kuwa to the subject prefix.
3. For the main verb, attach the present participle prefix -ki- to the verb stem.
4. Lastly, combine the subject prefix and auxiliary verb with the main verb to create the Past Perfect Progressive form.

For example:

• Subject prefix + -kuwa + -ki- + verb stem = Past Perfect Progressive form
• A- (subject prefix for 3rd person singular) + -kuwa + -ki- + soma (verb stem for ‘to read’) = Al-kuwa a-ki-soma (‘He/She had been reading’)

Usage of the Past Perfect Progressive tense in Swahili

The primary function of the Past Perfect Progressive tense in Swahili is to express an action that was ongoing in the past until a certain point in time. This action can be interrupted by another past event or can simply represent a continuous action before the time being referred to. It can often be used in conjunction with other past tenses, such as the Simple Past, to describe a sequence of events or actions.

Moreover, the Past Perfect Progressive tense can be used to emphasize the duration of an action, especially when highlighting the passage of time or repetition of an action in the past.

Examples of the Past Perfect Progressive tense in use

Let’s take a look at some examples of the Past Perfect Progressive tense in Swahili:

• Al-kuwa a-ki-fanya kazi (‘He/She had been working’)
• Wa-l-kuwa wa-ki-imba (‘They had been singing’)
• U-kuwa u-ki-andika barua (‘You had been writing a letter’)
• Tu-l-kuwa tu-ki-pika chakula (‘We had been cooking food’)

Conclusion

The Past Perfect Progressive tense is a critical aspect of Swahili grammar, as it allows speakers to describe actions that took place over an extended period of time or were ongoing up until a certain point in the past. By understanding its formation and usage, learners of Swahili can express complex ideas and accurately depict the sequence of events in their conversations and written communication.