Formation of Passive Sentences in Thai

In Thai, the passive voice is formed using specific passive markers that indicate the subject is not performing the action. These markers include:

• ถูก (tùuk): Used for actions with a negative or neutral connotation.
• ให้ (hâi): Utilized for actions with a more positive connotation or to denote the subject’s permission or agreement.
• โดน (doan): Indicates a negative or undesirable consequence, similar to ถูก (tùuk).

By using these markers, the passive voice can be constructed in a Thai sentence. In the passive structure, the subject comes first, followed by the marker, and finally, the verb and then the object.

Examples of Passive Voice in Thai Sentences

To further illustrate the passive voice in Thai grammar, consider the following examples with accompanying translations:

1. เขาถูกยิง (khăo tùuk ying): He was shot.
2. หนังสือนี้ถูกขายดี (năng-suea níi tùuk kăai dii): This book is selling well.
3. เธอโดนลอกเลียน (ter doan lawk lían): She was impersonated.
4. ใบขับขี่ของฉันให้ยืม (bai kàp-kîi kǎwng chăn hâi yeum): My driver’s license was lent (given permission).

Active Voice vs. Passive Voice in Thai

To understand passive voice fully, it is essential to be aware of the active voice and recognize the differences between the two. In the active voice, the subject performs the action of the verb, contrasting with the passive voice in which the subject is acted upon.

The primary difference between the active and passive voice in Thai is the use of the passive markers. Take these sentences as examples:

1. เขากินเนื้อวัว (khăo gin néua wuăa): He eats beef (active)
2. เนื้อวัวถูกเขากิน (néua wŭa tùuk khăo kin): The beef is eaten by him (passive)

As illustrated, the passive sentence employs the marker ถูก (tùuk) to denote that the beef, the subject, is being acted upon.

Significance of Passive Voice in Thai Communication

The passive voice plays a significant role in daily Thai communication, as it allows the speaker to convey information without directly attributing the action to a specific subject. This linguistic feature is particularly useful in avoiding confrontation or expressing politeness by not directly assigning blame or responsibility.

In summary, mastering the passive voice in Thai grammar is vital for those looking to communicate effectively in Thai. Understanding the passive markers, sentence structure, and differentiating between active and passive voices contributes to a richer understanding of the language and facilitates clear communication.