Formation of Participial Adjectives

When forming participial adjectives in Hungarian grammar, the primary step involves understanding the root of the verb as well its tense. In essence, participial adjectives are derived from verbs and pertain to the present, past, or future tense. Hungarian language adopts specific suffixes, including -ó/-ő, -ott/-ött, and -endő/-andó, to create these adjectives.

Present Participial Adjectives

Present participial adjectives convey an ongoing action, and are formed with the suffixes -ó or -ő. To form a present participial adjective, simply attach the appropriate suffix to the verb’s stem. For example:

– olvas (to read) becomes olvasó (reading)
– nő (to grow) becomes növő (growing)

Past Participial Adjectives

Past participial adjectives refer to a completed action in the past. They are formed using the suffixes -ott or -ött. To create a past participial adjective, add the suffix to the stem of the verb. For instance:

– tanul (to study) turns into tanulott (studied)
– dönt (to decide) changes to döntött (decided)

Future Participial Adjectives

Future participial adjectives indicate a forthcoming action, and are formed with the suffixes -endő or -andó. To form a future participial adjective, append the suitable suffix to the verb stem, as illustrated below:

– felejt (to forget) becomes felejtendő (to be forgotten)
– fizet (to pay) transforms to fizetendő (to be paid)

Utilizing Participial Adjectives in Sentences

To maximize your foreign language competence in Hungarian, it is crucial to incorporate participial adjectives accurately in sentences. Below are a few examples of sentences that demonstrate the usage of present, past, and future participial adjectives.

Present Participial Adjectives

1. Az éneklő lány gyönyörű hangja van. (The singing girl has a beautiful voice.)
2. Az építkezés mellett játszó gyerekek veszélyben vannak. (The children playing next to the construction site are in danger.)

Past Participial Adjectives

1. A tegnap sütött sütemény már elfogyott. (The cake baked yesterday is already finished.)
2. Az elmult héten vásárolt autó rossz választás volt. (The car bought last week was a bad choice.)

Future Participial Adjectives

1. A fizetendő számlák a nappali asztalon vannak. (The bills to be paid are on the living room table.)
2. A postára adandó csomag még itthon van. (The package to be mailed is still at home.)

By studying and practicing the use of participial adjectives, you can elevate your Hungarian language skills and enhance your overall communication abilities. This comprehensive overview serves as a foundation for incorporating participial adjectives in your daily conversations and written communications, thereby significantly reinforcing your proficiency in Hungarian grammar.