The Core Modal Verbs in Welsh

There are six principal modal verbs in Welsh, each with unique functions. The core modal verbs are gallu (can or to be able), rhaid (must), dylai (should), hoffi (to like), angen (need), and gorchymyn (command).

Conjugation of Modal Verbs

When conjugating modal verbs in Welsh, they typically follow a pattern. Here are the conjugations for the verbs gallu and dylai:

• Gallu: Galla i, Galli di, Gall o, Gall hi, Gallwn ni, Gallwch chi, Gallant nhw
• Dylai: Dylwn i, Dylet ti, Dylai fo/fe, Dylai hi, Dylem ni, Dylech chi, Dylent nhw

Using Modal Verbs in Sentences

To effectively use modal verbs in Welsh, it’s essential to understand their purpose within a sentence. The following are examples of how each of these modal verbs can be employed:

Gallu (can, to be able)

Ella can play the piano very well.
Galla Ella chwarae’r piano’n dda iawn.

Rhaid (must, have to)

We must finish our assignments by Monday.
Rhaid i ni gwblhau ein gwaith cartref erbyn dydd Llun.

Dylai (should, ought to)

You should eat more vegetables to stay healthy.
Dylet ti fwyta mwy o lysiau i aros yn iach.

Hoffi (to like, would like)

They like visiting historical places.
Hoffant nhw ymweld â llefydd hanesyddol.

Angen (need, require)

She needs to practice before her performance.
Mae angen i hi ymarfer cyn ei pherfformiad.

Gorchymyn (to order, command)

The officer ordered the soldiers to halt.
Gorchmynnodd y swyddog i’r milwyr roi stop.

Conclusion

Understanding and effectively incorporating modal verbs in Welsh grammar is key to mastering the language. By familiarizing yourself with the core modal verbs, their conjugations, and usage, you will be able to express a wide range of meanings and enhance your communication skills in Welsh.