Defining Modal Verbs in Hungarian

Modal verbs express various degrees of likelihood, necessity, obligation, possibility, or permission. They accompany the main verb of a sentence, either directly or indirectly, and offer additional information about the main verb’s action. Hungarian modal verbs work similarly to their English counterparts and include:

• Akar (to want)
• Kell (to have to, must)
• Tud (to be able, can)
• Mer (to dare)
• Lehet (may, might)
• Ajánlom (I recommend)

These verbs are crucial in constructing complex sentences and are always accompanied by other verbs in their infinitive form, such as:

A fiú akar enni. (The boy wants to eat.)

Notice how the verb “to want” is in the present tense, and the main verb “to eat” is in its infinitive form.

Conjugating Modal Verbs in Hungarian

Conjugation is one of the most important aspects of Hungarian grammar. Each verb, including modal verbs, must be conjugated to match the subject’s person and number. This process differs significantly from English, as Hungarian conjugation works with suffixes instead of auxiliary verbs. Here’s an example of the conjugation for the modal verb kell (to have to) in the present tense:

• Én kell-ek (I have to)
• Te kell-sz (You have to [informal])
• Ön kell (You have to [formal])
• Ő kell (He/She has to)
• Mi kell-ünk (We have to)
• Ti kell-tek (You [plural] have to)
• Önök kell-enek (You [plural, formal] have to)
• Ők kell-enek (They have to)

When using a modal verb in a sentence, the main verb remains in its infinitive form:

Az ügyvédnek kell bíróságra menni. (The lawyer has to go to court.)

Negating Modal Verbs in Hungarian

To negate a statement, simply add the word nem (not) before the modal verb:

Az ügyvédnek nem kell bíróságra menni. (The lawyer does not have to go to court.)

Using Modal Verbs in Different Tenses

Modal verbs can also be used in various tenses, such as past and future. For example, consider akar (to want):

• Én akar-t-am (I wanted)
• Én akar-ni fog-ok (I will want)

When forming a sentence with a modal verb in different tenses, the main verb remains in its infinitive form:

Mikor akartál találkozni velem? (When did you want to meet me?)

Conclusion

Understanding the role and usage of modal verbs in Hungarian grammar is crucial for mastering the language. By familiarizing yourself with these essential verbs and their conjugations, you will be well-equipped to express complex thoughts and ideas in Hungarian.