Formation of the Imperative in Romanian

Romanian grammar outlines two general ways to form the imperative mood, depending on the subject pronouns involved. These include addressing someone directly using the second person singular and plural pronouns, tu and voi, respectively, as well as the third person singular and plural pronouns, el/ea and ei/ele.

Imperative for Second Person Singular: “Tu”

The imperative form for tu is created by dropping the infinitive verb ending, -a, and adding specific suffixes depending on the verb group and conjugation. Romanian has three main verb groups, characterized by their infinitive endings: -a, -ea, and -e.

Examples:

– For Group 1 verbs (-a ending): vorbi (to speak) -> vorbește! (speak!)
– For Group 2 verbs (-ea ending): putea (to be able to) -> poți! (be able to!)
– For Group 3 verbs (-e ending): zâmbe (to smile) -> zâmbește! (smile!)

Imperative for Second Person Plural: “Voi”

The imperative form for voi is achieved by removing the -i ending from the third person plural form in the present tense and adding the suffix -ți.

Examples:

– vorbiți (you speak) -> vorbiți! (speak!)
– puteți (you are able to) -> puteti! (be able to!)
– zâmbești (you smile) -> zâmbești! (smile!)

Imperative for Third Person

When forming the imperative for third-person subjects, use the subjunctive tense forms for el/ea and ei/ele instead of imperative forms.

Examples:

– să vorbească (let him/her speak)
– să poată (let him/her be able to)
– să zâmbească (let him/her smile)

Usage of the Imperative Mood in Romanian

Romanian speakers employ the imperative mood to express commands, request, advice, or instructions. The following sections will illuminate the contexts where the imperative comes into play.

Commands and Requests

In day-to-day communication, the imperative is used to convey orders or ask for assistance. Examples include:

– Deschide ușa! (Open the door!)
– Ajută-mă, te rog! (Help me, please!)

Advice and Instructions

Offering guidance or providing a step-by-step explanation often calls for the use of the imperative. Examples include:

– Fii atent la detali. (Pay attention to the details.)
– Pornește mașina și apoi apasă pe accelerație. (Start the car and then press the accelerator.)

Negative Imperative

To convert the imperative statements into negative commands, simply add the negation word nu before the verb.

Examples:

– Nu vorbi! (Don’t speak!)
– Nu zâmbește! (Don’t smile!)

Understanding Reflexive Verbs in the Imperative

When utilizing reflexive verbs in the imperative mood, the reflexive pronoun is appended to the verb in a hyphenated form.

Examples:

– Spală-te! (Wash yourself!)
– Îmbracă-te! (Get dressed!)

By studying and internalizing these concepts, you will be well-equipped to master the imperative mood in Romanian grammar, thereby furthering your overall fluency in the language.