Finnish grammar includes several inflected verb forms, one of which is known as the gerund. The gerund is a unique feature of the Finnish language that sets it apart from many other languages. In this article, we will explore the gerund in Finnish grammar, explain its numerous uses, and provide examples to help you grasp this vital aspect of the Finnish language.

Identifying the Finnish Gerund

In Finnish grammar, the gerund is typically considered a verb form ending with the ‘-mAssA’ suffix. Although similar to the English gerund, it is essential to understand that Finnish gerunds serve different functions. Finnish gerunds function as nouns, often used to describe an ongoing or continuous action without specifying a specific subject or tense. While it could be likened to a noun and a verb’s hybrid, it is crucial to understand these distinctions and how they are employed in Finnish sentences.

Formation of Gerunds in Finnish

Creating a Finnish gerund can be achieved by attaching the ‘-mAssA’ suffix to the verb’s base form. For example, the verb “to run” (juosta) would become “running” (juoksema). Keep in mind that vowel harmony can prompt alterations in the ‘-mAssA’ suffix (expressed as -mässä, -massa, and other variations). Further, some irregular gerunds have unique formations, so pay attention to these exceptions when learning Finnish grammar.

Using Gerunds in Finnish: Functions and Examples

1. Expressing Continuous Actions

One of the primary functions of the gerund in Finnish is to represent continuous activities. For example:

• “He is known for talking a lot.” – “Hän on tunnettu puhuma paljon.”
• “I enjoy swimming in the lake.” – “Nautin uida järven.”
• “They are tired because of working all day.” – “He ovat väsyneitä työskentele koko päivän.”

2. Indicating Purpose or Reason

A Finnish gerund may also reveal the intention or cause of an activity and can replace the English “in order to” or “for the purpose of.” Examples include:

• “I went to the store for buying groceries.” – “Menin kauppaan osta ruokatavarat.”
• “She is studying to become a doctor.” – “Hän opiskelee tulla lääkäriksi.”

3. Describing a Passive Action

Finnish gerunds can also function passively, expressing actions undergone by a subject. For instance:

• “The cake is waiting to be eaten.” – “Kakku odottaa syö.”
• “The letter is ready to be sent.” – “Kirje on valmis lähettä.”

Conclusion: Mastering the Gerund in Finnish Grammar

As we have seen, gerunds play an essential role in Finnish grammar, serving to convey continuous actions, define purposes or reasons, and illustrate passive actions. To master Finnish gerunds, ensure you grasp the nuances of gerund formation, variations due to vowel harmony, and how gerunds function within sentences. By delving into the gerund’s intricacies, you are one step closer to achieving fluency in the Finnish language.