Definition and Usage of Demonstrative Adjectives

Demonstrative adjectives function to modify nouns, specifying which one is being referred to in the context of a sentence. They are similar to demonstrative pronouns, with the essential difference being that while pronouns replace nouns, adjectives accompany them. In Hebrew, there are two main demonstrative adjectives: אֶחָד (one) and פֹּה (this).

Variations According to Gender and Number

In Hebrew, demonstrative adjectives change according to the gender and number of the noun they modify. Here, we will learn about the various combinations and forms that apply to different nouns.

Masculine Singular:
The masculine singular form of אֶחָד (one) is זֶה, and the masculine singular form of פֹּה (this) is זֶה. Examples of usage for each include זֶה שׁוּלחָן (this table) and זֶה חוֹר (a hole).

Feminine Singular:
The feminine singular form of אֶחָד (one) is זֹאת, while the feminine singular form of פֹּה (this) is זֹאת. Examples include זֹאת סֵפֶרֶגְשֶׁרָקָה (this book) and זֹאת כּוּרְּסָה (a chair).

Masculine Plural:
The masculine plural form of אֶחָד (one) is אֵלֶּה, and פֹּה (this) for masculine plural nouns is אֵלֶּה. Example sentences include אֵלֶּה סְפָרִים (these books) and אֵלֶּה כּוּרְּסָאוֹת (these chairs).

Feminine Plural:
The feminine plural forms are the same as the masculine plural forms: אֵלֶּה for both אֶחָד (one) and פֹּה (this). Some examples include אֵלֶּה שׁוּלחָנוֹת (these tables) and אֵלֶּה גְּשֶׁרָקוֹת (these holes).

Positioning Demonstrative Adjectives in Sentences

The correct placement of demonstrative adjectives in a Hebrew sentence is vital to constructing grammatically accurate and coherent statements. In Hebrew, these adjectives typically appear after the noun being modified, as opposed to the English language, where they precede the noun. For example:

English: This table
Hebrew: שׁוּלחָן זֶה

Common Examples and Usage

For a thorough understanding of how demonstrative adjectives function within Hebrew grammar, let’s examine some examples featuring various combinations of gender, number, and modifiers.

1. English: These books (masculine plural)
Hebrew: סְפָרִים אֵלֶּה

2. English: This chair (feminine singular)
Hebrew: כּוּרְּסָה זֹאת

3. English: This hole (masculine singular)
Hebrew: חוֹר זֶה

4. English: These tables (feminine plural)
Hebrew: שׁוּלחָנוֹת אֵלֶּה

In conclusion, understanding and implementing demonstrative adjectives in Hebrew grammar enhances communication by providing clarity and context in sentences. From their definition and usage to the various combinations and forms, mastering these adjectives will help pave the way to fluency in the Hebrew language.