Understanding Compound Sentences in Urdu Grammar

Compound Sentences: An Overview
In Urdu grammar, a compound sentence comprises two or more independent clauses that are connected using coordinating conjunctions. These conjunctions, or ‘Ataf’ (اتف) in Urdu, help combine thoughts and ideas to create more complex sentences while still maintaining clarity. The basic structure of a compound sentence includes the subject, predicate, and object, ensuring the conveyance of complete thoughts.

Types of Coordinating Conjunctions in Urdu

1. و (‘and’)
This conjunction, known as ‘waaw’ (واو) in Urdu, is used to link two clauses that have similar or related ideas, displaying an additive relationship between them. Both clauses convey equal weight and importance in terms of information and meaning.

Example:
– میں نے ڈراپ کردیا، وہو شروع کرگیا۔
– Mein ne doraap kar diya, wah wo shuru kar gaya.

2. یا (‘either…or’)
The conjunction ‘ya’ (یا) is used to represent an alternative or choice between two clauses. This exclusivity indicates that either one of the ideas can be true or chosen, but not both.

Example:
– تم دوڑاؤ، یا وہ دوڑائے۔
– Tum dorao, ya wo doraye.

3. لیکن (‘but’)
Used to contrast two clauses, ‘lekin’ (لیکن) introduces a conflicting or opposing idea, providing balance to the overall narrative.

Example:
– ہمیں باہر جانا تھا، لیکن بارش ہوگئی۔
– Humein bahar jana tha, lekin barish ho gayi.

Creating Compound Sentences in Urdu Grammar

Step 1: Identify two independent clauses
An independent clause is a group of words containing a subject, predicate, and object that can stand-alone logically. Each clause should convey a complete thought and be grammatically correct as a standalone sentence.

Step 2: Choose the appropriate coordinating conjunction
Based on the relationship between the two clauses (additive, alternative, or contrasting), select the coordinating conjunction that best fits the context.

Step 3: Combine the clauses
Connect the selected independent clauses using the chosen conjunction to form a compound sentence. Ensure that the conjunction is placed between the clauses to maintain grammatical accuracy.

Common Mistakes and Tips for Compound Sentences in Urdu

1. Correctly using coordinating conjunctions
It’s crucial to choose the appropriate coordinating conjunction to accurately convey the intended meaning of the compound sentence. Misuse or omission of conjunctions can lead to ambiguity and confusion.

2. Ensuring grammatical accuracy in each clause
Both independent clauses in a compound sentence must be grammatically accurate. Check subject-verb agreement, verb tense, and word order to maintain clarity.

3. Punctuation
When creating compound sentences in Urdu, pay close attention to punctuation. Use commas and full stops appropriately to separate clauses and convey the intended meaning.

Compound sentences are an essential part of Urdu grammar, helping to enhance the complexity and richness of communication. By understanding their structure and the role of coordinating conjunctions, one can effectively create and analyze more nuanced sentences in the Urdu language.

 

Compound Sentence Examples

 

Example Sentence in Urdu	Translation
میرا دوست نے کتاب خریدی اور میں نے اسے پڑھ لی ہے۔	My friend bought a book and I have read it.
میں نے ٹی وی دیکھا اور پھر کتاب پڑھی۔	I watched TV and then read a book.
وہ آشا کو بھول گیا تھا لیکن اب دوبارہ اس سے بات کر رہا ہے۔	He had forgotten about Aisha, but is now talking to her again.
طوفان کی وجہ سے بجلی کاٹ گئی تھی جس کی وجہ سے گرمائی کی فشار میں اضافہ ہوا۔	The storm caused a power cut, which led to an increase in pressure on the heater.
میں کھا رہا ہوں،لیکن وہ نہیں کھاتا۔	I am eating, but he is not eating.
اگر آپ امتحان میں کامیاب ہو جائیں تو حسینہ کی شادی پر بلانے سے انکار نہ کریں گے۔	If you pass the exam, you will not refuse to attend Husna’s wedding.
میں نے دستاویزات جمع کیے اور پھر دفتر جا کر ڈاک دی۔	I collected documents and then went to the office to submit them.
اس نے پیچھے مڑ کر دیکھا تو وہاں کوئی نہیں تھا۔	He looked back and there was no one there.
آپ نے شرم نہیں کی، کیونکہ آپ صحیفے اورقلم کھریدے۔	You did not feel ashamed because you bought paper and a pen.
میرے ساتھیوں نے مجھ سے بات کی اور پھر مجھے چھوڑ دیا۔	My colleagues talked to me and then left me.
بچے کچھ کھانا پسند نہیں کرتے لیکن بہت ساری میٹھیاں کھاتے ہیں۔	Children do not like to eat much, but they eat a lot of sweets.
میں نے بیٹے کو پڑھانے کے لئے کتاب خریدی اور اب وہ نیا کۆرس شروع کرنے جا رہا ہے۔	I bought a book for my son to read, and now he is going to start a new course.
وہ سفر کے دوران سفید رنگ کی شلوار پرہسپتال گیا۔	During the trip, he went to the hospital in white pants.
میں سو رہا تھا، کیونکہ ابھی تک میں کام کر رہا تھا۔	I was sleeping, as I was still working.
شاہ زیب کے خیالات تصویر کے ذریعہ ظاہر ہوتے ہیں۔	Shah Zeb’s thoughts are expressed through the image.
میرے بیٹے کی لکیریں میری طرح ہیں۔	My son’s lines are just like mine.
اس نے سفر کے دوران جوتے بدلے۔	He changed his shoes during the trip.
میں نے اپنے دوست کو کال کیا مگر وہ منہ دکھا کر گفتا ہے کہ میں حالیہ دوران بہت مصیبت سے گزر رہا تھا۔	I called my friend but he gave a cold response saying that I had suffered a lot recently.
گانے سن کر کیا آپ کو مزا آیا؟ میں نے ممنوعہ نشتر کا نفع لیا۔	Did you enjoy listening to songs? I benefited from the prohibited cigarette.