Formation of Complex Sentences

A complex sentence in Macedonian grammar comprises two or more clauses: an independent clause (the main clause) and one or more dependent clauses (subordinate clauses). These clauses are interconnected using conjunctions, relative pronouns, or adverbs to express a relationship between the ideas they present.

Independent Clauses

An independent clause is a group of words that can function as a complete sentence, as it contains a subject and a verb. It delivers a complete thought or idea and can stand alone.

Example:
– Тој чита книга. (He is reading a book.)

Dependent Clauses

A dependent clause cannot stand alone and relies on the main clause to provide a complete thought. It typically features a subordinating conjunction, relative pronoun, or adverb.

Example:
– Кога ќе дојде. (When he arrives.)

Linking Clauses: Conjunctions, Relative Pronouns, and Adverbs

Macedonian grammar utilizes various elements to link independent and dependent clauses to form complex sentences.

Subordinating Conjunctions

Conjunctions such as “затоа што” (because), “иако” (although), “откако” (since/after), and “додека” (while) serve to connect dependent clauses to main clauses, communicating cause, contrast, time, and more.

Example:
– Тој не дојде на средбата затоа што беше болен. (He didn’t come to the meeting because he was sick.)

Relative Pronouns

Macedonian employs relative pronouns such as “што” (that/who/which), “чиј” (whose), “чии” (who[m]), and “каде” (where) to attach dependent clauses, constituting relative clauses that describe nouns in the main clause.

Example:
– Жената што живее до нас е учителка. (The woman who lives next to us is a teacher.)

Adverbs

Some adverbs also function to link dependent clauses like “кога” (when), “како” (how), and “дека” (that).

Example:
– Тој рече дека ќе дојде утре. (He said that he would come tomorrow.)

Tense Agreement in Complex Sentences

Macedonian grammar requires tense agreement between independent and dependent clauses in complex sentences, ensuring both clauses coordinate temporally. For instance, if the main clause utilizes a past tense verb, the dependent clause must also use a past tense verb.

Example:
– Кога го видов надвор, се зачудив колку брзо пораснал. (When I saw him outside, I was surprised by how quickly he had grown.)

In conclusion, complex sentences in Macedonian grammar consist of independent and dependent clauses, skillfully connected using conjunctions, relative pronouns, or adverbs. A strong understanding of these elements and their functions provides a solid foundation for mastering the intricacies of Macedonian grammar.