Time-Related Vocabulary in the Thai Language

Learning language phonetics in library setup.

Learning a new language can be a daunting task, but understanding the vocabulary related to time is essential for effective communication. Time-related words and phrases are among the most frequently used in any language, and Thai is no exception. Mastering this vocabulary will not only help you in everyday conversations but also give you a better understanding of Thai culture and its perception of time. This article will guide you through the essential time-related vocabulary in the Thai language, offering you a comprehensive resource to bolster your language learning journey.

Basic Time Units

Before diving into more complex phrases and idioms, let’s start with the basics: the units of time. These are fundamental words that you’ll use frequently.

– **Second**: เธงเธดเธ™เธฒเธ—เธต (wi-na-thi)
– **Minute**: เธ™เธฒเธ—เธต (na-thi)
– **Hour**: เธŠเธฑเนˆเธงเน‚เธกเธ‡ (chuua-moong)
– **Day**: เธงเธฑเธ™ (wan)
– **Week**: เธชเธฑเธ›เธ”เธฒเธซเนŒ (sap-daa)
– **Month**: เน€เธ”เธทเธญเธ™ (duean)
– **Year**: เธ›เธต (bpii)

Understanding these basic units will allow you to express time more accurately in various contexts.

Days of the Week

Knowing the days of the week is crucial for scheduling and making plans. Hereโ€™s how you say each day in Thai:

– **Monday**: เธงเธฑเธ™เธˆเธฑเธ™เธ—เธฃเนŒ (wan jan)
– **Tuesday**: เธงเธฑเธ™เธญเธฑเธ‡เธ„เธฒเธฃ (wan ang-khaan)
– **Wednesday**: เธงเธฑเธ™เธžเธธเธ˜ (wan phut)
– **Thursday**: เธงเธฑเธ™เธžเธคเธซเธฑเธชเธšเธ”เธต (wan pha-rue-hat-sa-bo-dee)
– **Friday**: เธงเธฑเธ™เธจเธธเธเธฃเนŒ (wan sook)
– **Saturday**: เธงเธฑเธ™เน€เธชเธฒเธฃเนŒ (wan sao)
– **Sunday**: เธงเธฑเธ™เธญเธฒเธ—เธดเธ•เธขเนŒ (wan aa-thit)

The word โ€œเธงเธฑเธ™โ€ (wan) means โ€œday,โ€ so each dayโ€™s name is essentially a combination of โ€œwanโ€ and another word that signifies the specific day.

Months of the Year

Just like the days of the week, knowing the months of the year is fundamental for understanding dates and planning events. Here are the months in Thai:

– **January**: เธกเธเธฃเธฒเธ„เธก (mo-ka-raa-kom)
– **February**: เธเธธเธกเธ เธฒเธžเธฑเธ™เธ˜เนŒ (kum-paa-pan)
– **March**: เธกเธตเธ™เธฒเธ„เธก (mee-naa-kom)
– **April**: เน€เธกเธฉเธฒเธขเธ™ (mee-saa-yon)
– **May**: เธžเธคเธฉเธ เธฒเธ„เธก (phrut-sa-phaa-kom)
– **June**: เธกเธดเธ–เธธเธ™เธฒเธขเธ™ (mi-thu-naa-yon)
– **July**: เธเธฃเธเธŽเธฒเธ„เธก (ka-ra-kada-kom)
– **August**: เธชเธดเธ‡เธซเธฒเธ„เธก (sing-haa-kom)
– **September**: เธเธฑเธ™เธขเธฒเธขเธ™ (kan-yaa-yon)
– **October**: เธ•เธธเธฅเธฒเธ„เธก (tu-laa-kom)
– **November**: เธžเธคเธจเธˆเธดเธเธฒเธขเธ™ (phrut-sa-ci-kaa-yon)
– **December**: เธ˜เธฑเธ™เธงเธฒเธ„เธก (than-waa-kom)

The suffixes โ€œ-kom,โ€ โ€œ-pan,โ€ and โ€œ-yonโ€ are used to denote months, but their usage is mainly for phonetic and historical reasons rather than having specific meanings themselves.

Times of the Day

In Thai culture, specific times of the day are often referred to differently than in English. Here are the main segments of the day in Thai:

– **Morning**: เน€เธŠเน‰เธฒ (chao)
– **Afternoon**: เธšเนˆเธฒเธข (baai)
– **Evening**: เน€เธขเน‡เธ™ (yen)
– **Night**: เธเธฅเธฒเธ‡เธ„เธทเธ™ (glaang kheun)
– **Midnight**: เน€เธ—เธตเนˆเธขเธ‡เธ„เธทเธ™ (thiang kheun)
– **Noon**: เน€เธ—เธตเนˆเธขเธ‡ (thiang)

These terms are essential for daily conversations, whether you’re planning to meet someone or just talking about your day.

Time Expressions

Next, letโ€™s dive into some common time expressions that will help you sound more natural and fluent in your conversations.

– **Now**: เธ•เธญเธ™เธ™เธตเน‰ (ton nee)
– **Later**: เธ•เนˆเธญเน„เธ› (tor bpai)
– **Soon**: เน€เธฃเน‡เธงเน† เธ™เธตเน‰ (reo reo nee)
– **Before**: เธเนˆเธญเธ™ (gon)
– **After**: เธซเธฅเธฑเธ‡ (lang)
– **Today**: เธงเธฑเธ™เธ™เธตเน‰ (wan nee)
– **Tomorrow**: เธžเธฃเธธเนˆเธ‡เธ™เธตเน‰ (prung nee)
– **Yesterday**: เน€เธกเธทเนˆเธญเธงเธฒเธ™ (muea wan)
– **This week**: เธชเธฑเธ›เธ”เธฒเธซเนŒเธ™เธตเน‰ (sap-daa nee)
– **Next week**: เธชเธฑเธ›เธ”เธฒเธซเนŒเธซเธ™เน‰เธฒ (sap-daa naa)
– **Last week**: เธชเธฑเธ›เธ”เธฒเธซเนŒเธ—เธตเนˆเนเธฅเน‰เธง (sap-daa thee laew)
– **This month**: เน€เธ”เธทเธญเธ™เธ™เธตเน‰ (duean nee)
– **Next month**: เน€เธ”เธทเธญเธ™เธซเธ™เน‰เธฒ (duean naa)
– **Last month**: เน€เธ”เธทเธญเธ™เธ—เธตเนˆเนเธฅเน‰เธง (duean thee laew)
– **This year**: เธ›เธตเธ™เธตเน‰ (bpii nee)
– **Next year**: เธ›เธตเธซเธ™เน‰เธฒ (bpii naa)
– **Last year**: เธ›เธตเธ—เธตเนˆเนเธฅเน‰เธง (bpii thee laew)

Understanding these expressions will help you contextualize when events happen, making your conversations more precise and meaningful.

Asking and Telling Time

Being able to ask and tell time is an essential skill in any language. Here are some useful phrases and vocabulary to help you do just that in Thai:

– **What time is it?**: เธเธตเนˆเน‚เธกเธ‡เนเธฅเน‰เธง (gee moong laew)
– **Itโ€™s [time]**: เน€เธงเธฅเธฒ [time] (weh-laa [time])
– **Hour**: เน‚เธกเธ‡ (moong) or เธŠเธฑเนˆเธงเน‚เธกเธ‡ (chuua-moong)
– **Minute**: เธ™เธฒเธ—เธต (na-thi)
– **Half past [hour]**: เธ„เธฃเธถเนˆเธ‡ (khrung)

For example:
– **Itโ€™s 3 oโ€™clock**: เธชเธฒเธกเน‚เธกเธ‡เนเธฅเน‰เธง (saam moong laew)
– **Itโ€™s half past 4**: เธชเธตเนˆเน‚เธกเธ‡เธ„เธฃเธถเนˆเธ‡ (see moong khrung)

In Thai, time is often divided into four segments throughout the day:
– **Late morning (7 AM – 11 AM)**: Use the word เน‚เธกเธ‡ (moong) after the number.
– **Afternoon (1 PM – 3 PM)**: Use the word เธšเนˆเธฒเธข (baai) before the number.
– **Evening (4 PM – 6 PM)**: Use the word เน‚เธกเธ‡ (moong) after the number.
– **Night (7 PM – 11 PM)**: Use the word เธ—เธธเนˆเธก (thum) after the number.

For example:
– **8 AM**: เนเธ›เธ”เน‚เธกเธ‡เน€เธŠเน‰เธฒ (bpaaet moong chao)
– **2 PM**: เธšเนˆเธฒเธขเธชเธญเธ‡ (baai saawng)
– **5 PM**: เธซเน‰เธฒเน‚เธกเธ‡เน€เธขเน‡เธ™ (haa moong yen)
– **9 PM**: เธชเธฒเธกเธ—เธธเนˆเธก (saam thum)

Common Phrases and Idioms Related to Time

Every language has its own set of idioms and phrases that relate to time. Here are some common Thai expressions that you might find useful:

– **Time flies**: เน€เธงเธฅเธฒเน€เธซเธกเธทเธญเธ™เธ•เธดเธ”เธ›เธตเธ (weh-laa meuan dtit bpeek)
– **Better late than never**: เธกเธฒเธŠเน‰เธฒเธขเธฑเธ‡เธ”เธตเธเธงเนˆเธฒเน„เธกเนˆเธกเธฒ (maa chaa yang dee gwaa mai maa)
– **In the blink of an eye**: เนƒเธ™เธžเธฃเธดเธšเธ•เธฒ (nai phrip dtaa)
– **Time is money**: เน€เธงเธฅเธฒเน€เธ›เน‡เธ™เน€เธ‡เธดเธ™เน€เธ›เน‡เธ™เธ—เธญเธ‡ (weh-laa bpen ngern bpen thong)
– **At the right time**: เธ—เธฑเธ™เน€เธงเธฅเธฒ (than weh-laa)

These idioms offer a glimpse into Thai culture and how the concept of time is perceived.

Formal and Informal Time Expressions

In Thai, the way you express time can vary depending on the formality of the situation. Here are some differences:

– **Formal**: เน€เธงเธฅเธฒ (weh-laa) is often used in formal contexts. For example, if you are speaking to a superior or in a business setting, you might say:
– เน€เธงเธฅเธฒ 9 เธ™เธฒเธฌเธดเธเธฒ (weh-laa gao naa-li-gaa) โ€“ 9 oโ€™clock
– **Informal**: The same time in an informal setting might just be:
– เน€เธเน‰เธฒเน‚เธกเธ‡ (gao moong) โ€“ 9 oโ€™clock

Understanding these nuances will help you navigate different social situations more effectively.

Special Time-Related Cultural Contexts

Thai culture has some unique ways of expressing time, especially during festivals and special events. For example:

– **Songkran Festival**: During the Thai New Year (Songkran), time is often referred to in the context of cleansing and renewal. People say:
– เธชเธ‡เธเธฃเธฒเธ™เธ•เนŒเธ™เธตเน‰ (Songkran nee) โ€“ This Songkran
– **Loy Krathong**: Another important festival where time is significant, especially in the evening when people float their krathongs:
– เธ„เธทเธ™เธฅเธญเธขเธเธฃเธฐเธ—เธ‡ (kheun loy krathong) โ€“ Loy Krathong night

Understanding these cultural contexts can add depth to your knowledge of time-related vocabulary.

Time in Daily Conversations

Finally, here are some practical examples of how you might use time-related vocabulary in daily conversations:

– **Meeting**: เน€เธฃเธฒเธˆเธฐเน€เธˆเธญเธเธฑเธ™เธเธตเนˆเน‚เธกเธ‡ (rao jaa jer gan gee moong) โ€“ What time will we meet?
– **Appointment**: เธ„เธธเธ“เธกเธตเธ™เธฑเธ”เธ•เธญเธ™เธเธตเนˆเน‚เธกเธ‡ (khun mee nat ton gee moong) โ€“ What time is your appointment?
– **School/Work**: เธ„เธธเธ“เธ—เธณเธ‡เธฒเธ™เธเธตเนˆเน‚เธกเธ‡ (khun tam ngaan gee moong) โ€“ What time do you work?
– **Travel**: เธฃเธ–เน„เธŸเธญเธญเธเธเธตเนˆเน‚เธกเธ‡ (rot fai awk gee moong) โ€“ What time does the train leave?

Practicing these phrases will make you more comfortable and confident in using Thai time-related vocabulary in real-life situations.

In conclusion, understanding and mastering time-related vocabulary in Thai is crucial for effective communication. From basic units of time to cultural contexts and idiomatic expressions, each element plays a significant role in how you perceive and express time in Thai. By incorporating these words and phrases into your daily practice, you’ll find yourself becoming more fluent and natural in your conversations. Happy learning!

Talkpal is AI-powered language tutor. Learn 57+ languages 5x faster with revolutionary technology.

The Most Efficient Way to Learn a Language

THE TALKPAL DIFFERENCE

THE MOST ADVANCED AI

Immersive Conversations

Dive into captivating dialogues designed to optimize language retention and improve fluency.

Real-time Feedback

Receive immediate, personalized feedback and suggestions to accelerate your language mastery.

Personalization

Learn via methods tailored to your unique style and pace, ensuring a personalized and effective journey to fluency.

LEARN LANGUAGES FASTER
WITH AI

Learn 5x Faster