Learning Welsh can be an exciting journey, especially when diving into specific topics such as the education system. Today, we will explore the differences between “prifysgol” (university) and “ysgol” (school) in Welsh. Understanding these terms and their contexts can enrich your vocabulary and provide a deeper insight into Welsh culture and education.

Understanding the Basics

Prifysgol
This is the Welsh word for “university.” A prifysgol is an institution for higher education and research, which grants academic degrees in various disciplines.

Mae fy chwaer yn astudio meddygaeth ym mhrifysgol.

Ysgol
This term means “school” in Welsh. It refers to an institution where children and teenagers receive education up to the pre-university level.

Mae’r plant yn mynd i’r ysgol bob bore.

Levels of Education

Understanding the levels of education within these institutions is crucial for grasping their roles in the Welsh education system.

Addysg Uwchradd
This translates to “secondary education.” It is the stage of education following primary school and preceding tertiary education.

Mae fy mrawd yn derbyn addysg uwchradd ar hyn o bryd.

Addysg Uwch
This means “higher education.” It refers to education provided by universities and other institutions that award academic degrees.

Mae addysg uwch yn bwysig i gael swydd dda.

Gradd
This is the Welsh word for “degree.” It is an academic qualification awarded by universities upon the completion of a course of study.

Derbyniodd hi ei gradd mewn mathemateg.

Tystysgrif
This translates to “certificate.” It is an official document attesting a certain fact, in this case, the completion of a course or passing of an exam.

Cafodd e dystysgrif am gwblhau’r cwrs.

Subjects and Specializations

The subjects taught at prifysgol and ysgol can vary widely, and it’s beneficial to know the Welsh terms for some of the common ones.

Mathemateg
This is the Welsh term for “mathematics.” It is the abstract science of number, quantity, and space.

Mae hi’n dda iawn mewn mathemateg.

Cymraeg
This means “Welsh.” It refers to the Welsh language, which is a subject commonly taught in Welsh schools.

Mae’r disgyblion yn dysgu Cymraeg yn yr ysgol.

Saesneg
This translates to “English.” It is often a mandatory subject in schools and universities in Wales.

Mae’n rhaid i bawb ddysgu Saesneg.

Gwyddoniaeth
This is the Welsh word for “science.” It encompasses subjects such as biology, chemistry, and physics.

Mae gwyddoniaeth yn bwnc diddorol iawn.

Hanes
This means “history.” It is the study of past events, particularly in human affairs.

Mae e’n astudio hanes yn y brifysgol.

The School Experience

In Welsh schools, students experience a structured environment designed to provide foundational knowledge and skills.

Athro
This is the Welsh word for “teacher.” An athro is responsible for educating students in various subjects.

Mae’r athro yn dysgu mathemateg.

Dosbarth
This translates to “class.” It refers to a group of students who are taught together.

Mae gen i ddosbarth Cymraeg heddiw.

Gwers
This means “lesson.” It is a period of learning or teaching.

Mae’r wers nesaf yn dechrau am naw o’r gloch.

Arholiad
This is the Welsh word for “exam.” An arholiad is a formal test of a student’s knowledge or proficiency in a subject.

Mae gen i arholiad mewn gwyddoniaeth yfory.

The University Experience

Universities in Wales offer a more advanced and specialized level of education, preparing students for professional careers and research opportunities.

Myfyriwr
This is the Welsh term for “student,” specifically a university student.

Mae fy mrawd yn fyfyriwr ym mhrifysgol Caerdydd.

Athrawes
This means “lecturer” or “professor.” An athrawes is responsible for teaching and often conducting research at a university.

Mae’r athrawes yn arbenigo mewn hanes modern.

Darlith
This translates to “lecture.” It is a formal presentation by a lecturer, typically given to a large group of students.

Bydd darlith ar fiocemeg yfory.

Seminar
This is the Welsh word for “seminar.” It is a form of academic instruction that involves discussion and interaction between a small group of students and a tutor.

Rydw i’n mynychu seminar ar athroniaeth.

Traethawd
This means “essay.” It is a piece of writing on a particular subject, often assigned to university students.

Mae rhaid i mi ysgrifennu traethawd am lenyddiaeth Gymraeg.

Extracurricular Activities

Both prifysgol and ysgol offer various extracurricular activities that help in the overall development of students.

Clwb
This is the Welsh word for “club.” It refers to an organized group of people with a common interest or activity.

Mae e’n aelod o’r clwb mathemateg.

Tîm
This translates to “team.” It refers to a group of people working or playing together.

Mae hi’n chwarae yn nhîm pêl-droed yr ysgol.

Gweithgaredd
This means “activity.” It refers to tasks or actions that are done, often for enjoyment or learning.

Mae llawer o weithgareddau ar gael yn yr ysgol.

Cystadleuaeth
This is the Welsh word for “competition.” It refers to an event or contest in which people compete to win.

Enillodd y tîm ysgol y gystadleuaeth.

Conclusion

Understanding the distinctions between prifysgol and ysgol in Welsh not only helps in expanding your vocabulary but also provides a clearer picture of the education system in Wales. Whether you’re looking to discuss your own educational experiences or simply wish to delve deeper into Welsh culture, these terms and their contexts are invaluable.

Keep practicing these words and try using them in sentences of your own. With time and effort, you’ll become more comfortable and confident in your Welsh language skills. Happy learning!