Understanding the Future Subjunctive in Icelandic Grammar

The future subjunctive is a complex yet fascinating aspect of Icelandic grammar. In this article, we will delve into the intricacies of this tense and its various applications in the Icelandic language. Through detailed explanations and real-life examples, you will gain a thorough understanding of the future subjunctive and its role in Icelandic grammar.

Formation of the Future Subjunctive

The future subjunctive in Icelandic is formed by combining the auxiliary verb “að” with the base verb’s infinitive form, followed by the subjunctive mood of the verb “vera” (to be) and the past participle of the main verb. Here is a quick example:

Base verb: lesa (to read)
Future subjunctive: að lesa verði lesið (to read shall have been read)

In this instance, the auxiliary verb “að” is combined with the infinitive “lesa,” the subjunctive mood of “vera” (verði), and the past participle of “lesa” (lesið).

Expressing Unreality or Speculation

One primary function of the future subjunctive is to express unreality or speculation about actions or events that have not yet occurred but are expected or desired. It can emphasize the remoteness or uncertainty of such occurrences. For example:

Ég vona að þú verðir að mæta á móti morgun og þín verði lesið ritgerðina.
(I hope you attend the meeting tomorrow, and your essay shall have been read.)

In this sentence, the speaker expresses hope for two events that have not yet taken place. The use of the future subjunctive allows the speaker to convey this speculative quality.

Hypothetical Situations

The future subjunctive is also used to describe hypothetical situations in Icelandic. These situations often involve a conditional component, such as an “if” clause. Here is an example to illustrate this use case:

Ef ég væri ríkur, myndi ég kaupa mér stóran bókasafn, og þá myndi allt verða lesið.
(If I were rich, I would buy a large library, and then everything shall have been read.)

In this example, the speaker describes a hypothetical situation where they become wealthy and acquire a vast library. The future subjunctive demonstrates the unreal nature of the scenario and enhances the conditional meaning.

Expressing Politeness or Courtesy

Finally, the future subjunctive can denote politeness or courtesy, especially when making requests or invitations. For example:

Ætluðuðu að koma með okkur á mat? Við myndum verða svo ánægð með að hafa þig.
(Would you like to join us for dinner? We would be delighted to have you.)

In this instance, using the future subjunctive creates a polite and inviting tone.

Conclusion

The future subjunctive is a nuanced and versatile tense in Icelandic grammar. Whether for expressing unreality, speculation, hypothetical situations, or politeness, understanding and mastering the future subjunctive will enrich your knowledge of the Icelandic language and enhance your ability to express yourself accurately and eloquently. As you continue to explore the intricacies of Icelandic grammar, remember to practice and apply the concepts presented in this article to solidify your understanding of the future subjunctive.