Imperative verbs are essential components of Swedish grammar, acting as commands or requests directed towards another person. To form the imperative mood in Swedish, most verbs simply drop the infinitive ending -a, -e, or -ä, resulting in a verb stem. For example, the verb att äta (to eat) becomes ät in the imperative, making the command “eat” in Swedish, ät.

However, some exceptions arise with irregular verbs such as vara (to be) and veta (to know). In these cases, the imperative form differs significantly from the infinitive, with vara transforming into var and veta becoming vet.

Negating Imperative Commands

Using ‘inte’ to Create Negative Imperatives

In order to negate an imperative command in Swedish, it is necessary to place the word inte (not) after the verb. For example, if we use the verb ät, the negative version of the command is ät inte (do not eat).

Polite Imperatives and Auxiliary Verbs

Adding ‘gärna’ and ‘snälla’

To soften the tone of a command or make an imperative more polite, the words gärna (gladly) or snälla (please) can be added. When using gärna, it should be placed after the verb, as in ät gärna (please eat). Conversely, snälla is used before the verb, as in snälla ät (please eat).

Utilizing ‘att’ and ‘skulle’

Another approach to convey a request politely in Swedish is to utilize the infinitive form of the verb with att (to) and the auxiliary verb skulle (would). In this case, the phrase becomes skulle du (vara) snäll och (would you be kind and), followed by att and the infinitive verb, as in skulle du (vara) snäll och att äta (would you be kind and eat).

Imperatives with Reflexive Verbs

Forming Imperatives with Reflexive Pronouns

Reflexive verbs in Swedish, that is, verbs with an action directed towards the subject, require the use of reflexive pronouns in the imperative form. For instance, the verb att sätta sig (to sit down) becomes sätt dig in the imperative, with dig (you) being the reflexive pronoun.

In the case of plurals, the reflexive pronoun is replaced with er, as in sätt er (sit down, addressing a group).

Du-Imperative and the Less Formal Tone

Using ‘du’ in Commands

While not as common in modern Swedish, the du-imperative is a less formal way to give a command, emphasizing that the command is directed specifically at the person being addressed. To use a du-imperative, simply add the pronoun du (you) after the verb, as in ät du (you, eat).

In conclusion, mastering the use of the imperative in Swedish grammar is key to delivering effective, well-structured commands and requests. By understanding the appropriate formation of imperative mood and implementing politeness strategies, learners will be equipped to communicate clearly and confidently in the Swedish language.