When learning Mandarin Chinese, understanding the subtle differences between similar words can greatly enhance your fluency and comprehension of the language. Two such words that often confuse learners are 但是 (dànshì) and 可是 (kěshì). Both of these are conjunctions commonly translated to “but” in English. However, their usage and context in Chinese differ slightly. This article aims to clarify these differences and help you use 但是 and 可是 correctly in your sentences.

Understanding 但是 (dànshì) and 可是 (kěshì)

但是 and 可是 are both used to introduce a contrast or an exception to a statement similar to the English “but”. However, the nuance and appropriateness of each depend on the tone, formality, and context of the conversation or text.

但是 is generally considered slightly more formal or emphatic than 可是. It is often used in written language or in formal speeches and presentations. On the other hand, 可是 is more colloquial and is frequently used in everyday conversations among native speakers.

Examples of 但是 (dànshì)

To illustrate, consider the following sentence:

我想去看电影，但是我没有时间。
(Wǒ xiǎng qù kàn diànyǐng, dànshì wǒ méiyǒu shíjiān.)
“I want to go to the movies, but I don’t have time.”

Here, 但是 is used to introduce a practical, somewhat formal reason that prevents the speaker from fulfilling a desire.

Another example:
他很聪明，但是很懒。
(Tā hěn cōngmíng, dànshì hěn lǎn.)
“He is very smart, but he is lazy.”

In this sentence, 但是 introduces a contrast in personal characteristics in a clear, slightly formal way.

Examples of 可是 (kěshì)

Conversely, 可是 might be used as follows:

她想吃寿司，可是她对海鲜过敏。
(Tā xiǎng chī shòusī, kěshì tā duì hǎixiān guòmǐn.)
“She wants to eat sushi, but she is allergic to seafood.”

This usage of 可是 introduces a casual, spoken explanation of why the speaker can’t fulfill her desire.

Another instance:
我今天很累，可是我还是要完成我的工作。
(Wǒ jīntiān hěn lèi, kěshì wǒ háishì yào wánchéng wǒ de gōngzuò.)
“I am very tired today, but I still have to finish my work.”

可是 here implies a more conversational tone, expressing a personal feeling followed by a contradicting obligation.

Choosing Between 但是 and 可是

When deciding whether to use 但是 or 可是, consider the following:

1. **Formality**: Use 但是 in formal writing or speeches and 可是 in everyday conversations.
2. **Emphasis**: If you want to emphasize the contrast strongly, 但是 might be more appropriate.
3. **Tone**: 可是 often carries a softer, more casual tone.

Practical Exercises

To practice, try translating these sentences from English to Chinese, choosing the correct conjunction:

1. “He likes to travel, but he doesn’t have much money.”
2. “I need to buy a new phone, but I’m waiting for a sale.”

Answers:
1. 他喜欢旅行，可是他没有很多钱。(Tā xǐhuān lǚxíng, kěshì tā méiyǒu hěnduō qián.)
2. 我需要买一部新手机，但是我在等打折。(Wǒ xūyào mǎi yī bù xīn shǒujī, dànshì wǒ zài děng dǎzhé.)

Conclusion

Mastering the use of 但是 and 可是 can significantly improve your Mandarin Chinese, both in writing and in everyday conversation. By understanding the nuances and contexts in which these conjunctions are used, you can communicate more like a native speaker and enhance your overall command of the language. Remember, the choice between these two words can subtly change the tone and formality of your sentences, so choose wisely based on the context.