Indonesia’s legal system is based on a civil law system, intermixed with customary law and the Roman Dutch law. For learners of the Indonesian language who are interested in the legal and judicial fields, it’s important to acquire a specialized vocabulary. Here is a list of essential legal and judicial terms in Indonesian along with their definitions and example sentences.

Hukum
Definition: Law or legal. This term applies generally to the system of rules which are enforced through social institutions or government.
Dia sedang belajar hukum di universitas terkemuka.

Peraturan
Definition: Regulation or rule. Peraturan refers to the rules made by an authority or a set of these rules.
Peraturan baru ini akan mempengaruhi cara perusahaan melakukan bisnis.

Undang-undang
Definition: Act or statute. This is a written law passed by a legislative body.
Undang-undang tentang pajak tersebut baru saja disahkan oleh parlemen.

Peradilan
Definition: Judiciary or judicial system. This term refers to the system of courts that interpret and apply the law in the name of the state.
Peradilan di Indonesia terkenal dengan keseriusannya dalam memerangi korupsi.

Hakim
Definition: Judge. A public official appointed to decide cases in a court of law.
Hakim memutuskan bahwa terdakwa bersalah.

Advokat
Definition: Advocate or lawyer. A professional who is qualified to offer advice about the law or represent someone in legal matters.
Advokat tersebut menangani kasus dengan keahlian yang cukup.

Penggugat
Definition: Plaintiff. The person who brings a case against another in a court of law.
Penggugat menyampaikan bukti-buktinya di hadapan pengadilan.

Tergugat
Definition: Defendant. An individual, company, or institution sued or accused in a court of law.
Tergugat membantah semua klaim yang diajukan oleh penggugat.

Pengadilan
Definition: Court. A tribunal presided over by a judge, judges, or a magistrate in civil and criminal cases.
Pengadilan negeri itu akan mendengarkan kasus pembunuhan besok.

Sidang
Definition: Session or hearing. Meeting of a court, legislature, or other official assembly.
Sidang dipimpin oleh hakim kepala.

Kasasi
Definition: Cassation. A legal appeal where a case is transferred to a higher court for a rehearing.
Pengacara mengajukan kasasi setelah klien mereka dinyatakan bersalah di pengadilan tingkat pertama.

Praperadilan
Definition: Pretrial. A preliminary examination of the validity of a legal action or motion.
Praperadilan diputuskan untuk menampilan apakah penangkapan itu sah atau tidak.

Hukuman
Definition: Punishment or sentence. A penalty inflicted for an offense, fault, or crime.
Hukuman yang dijatuhkan kepada pelaku sangat berat.

By familiarizing yourself with these legal and judicial terms, you’ll be better equipped to understand Indonesian law and its processes. Whether you are a law professional or simply have an interest in the legal sphere, mastering this vocabulary will enhance your communication in a legal context in Indonesia. Remember, the nuances of legal language are complex, and thorough study alongside practice with native legal professionals will be essential in gaining proficiency.