יום (Yom) – Day
When referring to a day, either of the week or more generally, you use the word ‘יום’.
היום יום שני ואני צריך לחזור לעבודה.
(Today is Monday and I need to return to work.)

שעה (Sha’ah) – Hour
‘Sha’ah’ refers to an hour of the day.
השיעור נמשך שעה אחת.
(The lesson lasts one hour.)

דקה (Dakah) – Minute
‘Dakah’ is a unit of time that represents one minute.
אנא חכה חמש דקות ואני אהיה שם.
(Please wait five minutes and I’ll be there.)

שנה (Shanah) – Year
When discussing any duration or point in time that refers to a year, you use ‘שנה’.
אנחנו נוסעים לאיטליה כל שנה.
(We travel to Italy every year.)

חודש (Chodesh) – Month
A ‘חודש’ is the term used to describe a month of the year.
הוא נולד בחודש יולי.
(He was born in the month of July.)

תאריך (Tarih) – Date
‘Tarih’ specifically means the exact date on the calendar.
אני צריך להגיש את המטלה עד התאריך הרביעי למאי.
(I need to submit the assignment by the fourth of May.)

היום (Hayom) – Today
‘Hayom’ refers to the current day.
מה אתה עושה היום אחרי העבודה?
(What are you doing today after work?)

מחר (Machar) – Tomorrow
‘Machar’ is the word for tomorrow, indicating the day after today.
ניפגש מחר בעשר בבוקר.
(Let’s meet tomorrow at ten in the morning.)

אתמול (Etmol) – Yesterday
For the day before today, ‘אתמול’ is used.
דיברנו על זה אתמול.
(We talked about it yesterday.)

שבוע (Shavua) – Week
A ‘שבוע’ encompasses the seven days from Sunday to Saturday.
אני אהיה בחופשה למשך שבוע.
(I will be on vacation for a week.)

סוף שבוע (Sof Shavua) – Weekend
‘Sof Shavua’ refers to the end of the week, usually Saturday and Sunday.
אנחנו הולכים לטייל בסוף השבוע.
(We are going on a trip this weekend.)

לילה (Lailah) – Night
‘Lailah’ signifies nighttime.
אני לא אוהב לנהוג בלילה.
(I don’t like driving at night.)

בוקר (Boker) – Morning
For the morning hours, ‘בוקר’ is the word to use.
שתה כוס קפה בבוקר כדי להתעורר.
(Drink a cup of coffee in the morning to wake up.)

צהריים (Tzohorayim) – Afternoon
‘Tzohorayim’ covers the period of time after the noon hour.
אוכלים ארוחת צהריים בשתיים.
(We eat lunch at two in the afternoon.)

ערב (Erev) – Evening
The term for evening, when the day starts to wind down, is ‘ערב’.
בערב אנחנו אוהבים לצפות בסרטים.
(In the evening, we like to watch movies.)

These terms, once learned, become invaluable for anyone looking to deepen their understanding of Hebrew and effectively communicate dates and times with others. Practice using these words in context to help them become a natural part of your vocabulary.