The Basics of Comparative Adjectives

Comparative adjectives allow us to indicate the distinctiveness between two or more items or individuals. In Malay grammar, these adjectives come in two distinct forms:

1. Superiority (Lebih + adjective)
2. Inferiority (Kurang + adjective)

By using these essential comparative adjective structures, speakers can effectively communicate the difference in quantity, quality or degree with precision.

Superiority: Lebih + Adjective

The term ‘lebih’ indicates an increased quality or a higher degree of a particular trait. When combined with an adjective, it portrays the sense of ‘more’ and allows for efficient comparison. The structure can be utilized as follows:

Lebih + Adjective + daripada

For example:

Aiman adalah lebih tinggi daripada Budi.

(Aiman is taller than Budi.)

This sentence highlights that Aiman has a superior height in comparison to Budi.

Inferiority: Kurang + Adjective

Conversely, the term ‘kurang’ denotes a reduced quality or a lesser degree of a specific attribute. This structure effectively conveys the notion of ‘less’ in relation to the adjective being described:

Kurang + Adjective + daripada

For example:

Rini adalah kurang cepat daripada Siti.

(Rini is less fast than Siti.)

Here, Rini’s speed is considered inferior compared to Siti’s speed.

Irregular Comparative Adjectives

It is vital to note that some adjectives deviate from the typical ‘lebih’ and ‘kurang’ structure in Malay grammar. These irregular comparative adjectives are exceptions to the standard rule, such as ‘baik’ (good) and ‘buruk’ (bad). The comparative forms of these adjectives are ‘lebih baik’ (better) and ‘lebih buruk’ (worse), respectively.

Comparative Adjectives in Sentences

Now let us look at comparative adjectives in contextual sentences:

Sarah lebih pandai daripada Ali dalam matematik.

(Sarah is more intelligent than Ali in mathematics.)

Raju kurang besar daripada Omar dalam perniagaan.

(Raju is less big than Omar in business.)

Mastering the accurate usage of comparative adjectives in Malay grammar is crucial in delivering clear and concise messages, enabling effective communication between speakers.

Conclusion

Understanding the intricacies of comparative adjectives in Malay grammar is essential for achieving effective communication and fluency in the language. The concepts of superiority and inferiority, as well as irregular comparative adjectives, serve as important tools in expressing the nuances of comparison. By mastering these rules and applying them appropriately, speakers can convey complex ideas and showcase their fluent command of the Malay language.