Aprender um novo idioma pode ser um desafio, especialmente quando se trata de terminologia específica, como o jargão jurídico. O tailandês, com sua estrutura única e vocabulário distinto, não é exceção. Neste artigo, exploraremos alguns termos jurídicos essenciais em tailandês que podem ser úteis para estudantes de direito, tradutores ou qualquer pessoa interessada no sistema jurídico tailandês.

Jargão Jurídico em Tailandês

พื้นฐานของกฎหมาย (Princípios Básicos do Direito)

กฎหมาย (gòtmăai) – Lei. A palavra básica para “lei” em tailandês. Refere-se ao corpo de regras estabelecidas por uma autoridade e aplicáveis a uma comunidade.

การละเมิดกฎหมายอาจทำให้เกิดบทลงโทษร้ายแรง

ศาล (săan) – Tribunal. Refere-se ao local onde são resolvidos os litígios legais e onde os juízes tomam decisões.

เขาถูกเรียกตัวไปยังศาลเพื่อให้การเป็นพยาน

ผู้พิพากษา (pûu-pí-pâak-săa) – Juiz. A pessoa que tem autoridade para ouvir e decidir sobre casos em um tribunal.

ผู้พิพากษาตัดสินให้จำเลยมีความผิด

ทนายความ (tá-naai-kwaam) – Advogado. Um profissional legal que representa clientes em processos judiciais e fornece aconselhamento jurídico.

เขาได้จ้างทนายความเพื่อปกป้องสิทธิของเขา

จำเลย (jam-loei) – Réu. A pessoa que está sendo acusada ou processada em um tribunal.

จำเลยให้การปฏิเสธข้อกล่าวหา

โจทก์ (jòot) – Autor. A pessoa que inicia uma ação judicial contra outra.

โจทก์ได้ยื่นฟ้องร้องคดีต่อจำเลย

กระบวนการทางกฎหมาย (Processos Jurídicos)

คำฟ้อง (kam-fóng) – Queixa. Documento oficial que inicia uma ação judicial, onde o autor apresenta suas alegações.

คำฟ้องต้องถูกยื่นภายในระยะเวลาที่กำหนด

การพิจารณาคดี (gaan-pít-jà-ra-naa-ká-dii) – Julgamento. O processo pelo qual um tribunal chega a uma decisão sobre um caso.

การพิจารณาคดีจะเริ่มในสัปดาห์หน้า

คำตัดสิน (kam-dtàt-sĭn) – Sentença. A decisão final de um tribunal sobre um caso.

คำตัดสินของศาลถูกประกาศเมื่อวานนี้

พยาน (pa-yaan) – Testemunha. Alguém que fornece evidências ou depoimentos em um tribunal.

พยานได้ให้การในศาลเมื่อเช้านี้

หลักฐาน (làk-thăan) – Prova. Qualquer informação ou objeto apresentado em tribunal para apoiar ou refutar uma alegação.

หลักฐานที่นำเสนอในคดีนี้มีน้ำหนักมาก

คำศัพท์ที่เกี่ยวข้องกับอาชญากรรม (Vocabulário Relacionado ao Crime)

อาชญากรรม (aach-yaa-kam) – Crime. Um ato que viola a lei e é punível por uma autoridade.

การก่ออาชญากรรมมีผลกระทบต่อสังคมอย่างมาก

การจับกุม (gaan-jàp-gum) – Prisão. Ato de deter alguém suspeito de cometer um crime.

ตำรวจได้ทำการจับกุมผู้ต้องสงสัย

ผู้ต้องสงสัย (pûu-dtông-sŏng-sài) – Suspeito. Alguém que é suspeito de ter cometido um crime.

ผู้ต้องสงสัยถูกควบคุมตัวเพื่อสอบสวน

การสืบสวน (gaan-sùep-sŭan) – Investigação. O processo de inquirir e reunir evidências sobre um crime.

การสืบสวนยังคงดำเนินต่อไป

การฟ้องร้อง (gaan-fóng-rôong) – Acusação. O ato de acusar alguém formalmente de um crime.

อัยการได้ยื่นการฟ้องร้องต่อผู้ต้องหา

ศาลอาญา (săan-aa-yaa) – Tribunal Criminal. O tribunal onde são julgados os casos criminais.

คดีนี้จะถูกพิจารณาในศาลอาญา

การลงโทษและการฟื้นฟูสมรรถภาพ (Punição e Reabilitação)

การลงโทษ (gaan-long-tôot) – Punição. A consequência imposta a alguém que foi condenado por um crime.

การลงโทษของเขาคือการจำคุก

การจำคุก (gaan-jam-kúk) – Prisão (pena). Ato de ser encarcerado como punição por um crime.

เขาถูกตัดสินให้จำคุกเป็นเวลา 5 ปี

การคุมประพฤติ (gaan-kum-bpra-prúet) – Liberdade Condicional. Um período de supervisão ao invés de prisão, sob certas condições.

เขาได้รับการคุมประพฤติเป็นเวลา 2 ปี

การฟื้นฟูสมรรถภาพ (gaan-fúen-fuu-sà-mát-thà-pâap) – Reabilitação. Processo de ajudar uma pessoa a retornar a uma vida normal após cometer um crime.

การฟื้นฟูสมรรถภาพมีความสำคัญต่อการลดการกระทำผิดซ้ำ

โทษปรับ (tôot-bpràp) – Multa. Penalidade financeira imposta por violar a lei.

เขาต้องจ่ายโทษปรับเป็นเงินจำนวนมาก

Conclusão

Dominar o jargão jurídico em tailandês pode ser um desafio, mas é uma habilidade valiosa para aqueles que trabalham no campo legal ou têm interesse em direito comparado. Com a prática e o estudo contínuo, você poderá entender e usar esses termos com confiança. Lembre-se de que o contexto é crucial, e a melhor maneira de aprender é através da imersão e do uso prático. Boa sorte nos seus estudos!