Introduction to Slovenian Conditional
The Slovenian conditional mood is a vital component in the formation of sentences expressing hypothetical, unreal, or improbable situations. It is essential to understand the two types of conditional in Slovenian grammar: first conditional and second conditional. While first conditional deals with real and probable conditions, this article focuses on the second conditional, which caters to hypothetical scenarios that are either unlikely or impossible.
Formation of Conditional Sentences in Slovenian
The second conditional construction in Slovenian grammar consists of two clauses: the ‘if’ clause, known as pogojni stavek, and the main clause, referred to as glavni stavek. The ‘if’ clause expresses a condition, while the main clause demonstrates the consequence that comes as a result of the condition stipulated in the ‘if’ clause.
Constructing the Second Conditional
The formation of the second conditional in Slovenian grammar starts with the use of the past bi-particle form. Additionally, it is important to include the past forms of auxiliary verbs ‘biti’ (to be) and ‘imeti’ (to have) in your sentence structure. The past bi-particle form is conjugated according to the gender and number, as demonstrated below:
– (bi) bil/a (singular masculine/feminine)
– (bi) bila (dual feminine)
– (bi) bila (plural feminine)
– (bi) bili (dual masculine/neutral)
– (bi) bili (plural masculine/neutral)
Example of Second Conditional in Slovenian Grammar
To better understand second conditional construction, let’s examine a simple example. English: “If I were rich, I would travel the world.” Slovenian: “Če bi bil bogat, bi potoval po svetu.”
In this example, the ‘if’ clause is “Če bi bil bogat” (If I were rich), while the main clause is “bi potoval po svetu” (I would travel the world). You can see the use of the past bi-particle form “bi” in both clauses.
To improve the construction of second conditional sentences, it is important to avoid some common mistakes and adhere to specific tips:
1. Mind the Agreement of Past Participle and Subject
Always ensure that the past participle agrees with the subject in gender and number. For example, “Če bi bile bogate, bi potovale po svetu” (If they were rich [feminine plural], they would travel the world).
2. Usage of Present Unreal Conditional
For situations that are always untrue or hypothetical, use the present unreal conditional construction with ‘kot da’ (as if). For example, “Govoriš, kot da bi znal vse jezike” (You speak as if you knew all languages).
3. Keep the Condition Clause Coherent
Ensure that the condition clause is set in the past tense to maintain grammatical consistency with the main clause, which will be in the past bi-particle form. For example, “Če bi študiral, bi opravil izpit” (If you had studied, you would have passed the exam).
Understanding and effectively utilizing the second conditional in Slovenian grammar is crucial for proficient communication. Applying the rules and tips discussed in this article will strengthen your overall Slovenian language proficiency and enable you to construct sentences that accurately convey hypothetical and unreal situations.
