{"id":91719,"date":"2023-06-15T07:00:21","date_gmt":"2023-06-15T07:00:21","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/talkpal.ai\/%d1%83%d0%bf%d1%80%d0%b0%d0%b6%d0%bd%d0%b5%d0%bd%d0%b8%d1%8f-%d0%bf%d0%be-%d0%b3%d1%80%d0%b0%d0%bc%d0%bc%d0%b0%d1%82%d0%b8%d0%ba%d0%b5-%d0%b8%d1%81%d0%bf%d0%b0%d0%bd%d1%81%d0%ba%d0%be%d0%b3%d0%be\/"},"modified":"2025-12-17T16:37:01","modified_gmt":"2025-12-17T16:37:01","slug":"%d1%83%d0%bf%d1%80%d0%b0%d0%b6%d0%bd%d0%b5%d0%bd%d0%b8%d1%8f-%d0%bf%d0%be-%d0%b3%d1%80%d0%b0%d0%bc%d0%bc%d0%b0%d1%82%d0%b8%d0%ba%d0%b5-%d0%b8%d1%81%d0%bf%d0%b0%d0%bd%d1%81%d0%ba%d0%be%d0%b3%d0%be","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/talkpal.ai\/ru\/%d1%83%d0%bf%d1%80%d0%b0%d0%b6%d0%bd%d0%b5%d0%bd%d0%b8%d1%8f-%d0%bf%d0%be-%d0%b3%d1%80%d0%b0%d0%bc%d0%bc%d0%b0%d1%82%d0%b8%d0%ba%d0%b5-%d0%b8%d1%81%d0%bf%d0%b0%d0%bd%d1%81%d0%ba%d0%be%d0%b3%d0%be\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0423\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0436\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430"},"content":{"rendered":"\r\n\r\n\r\n<section class=\"languageChallengeSection\">\r\n    <div class=\"languageInfoWrapper\">\r\n        \r\n        <h1>\u0423\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0436\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430<\/h1>\r\n        <p>\u0413\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b \u0443\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439 <a href=\"https:\/\/talkpal.ai\/learn-spanish\/\">\u0438\u0441\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439<\/a>? \u041f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0436\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431 \u043e\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u0441\u043f\u0440\u044f\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 <a href=\"https:\/\/talkpal.ai\/ru\/%d0%ba%d1%83%d1%80%d1%81%d1%8b-%d0%b8%d1%81%d0%bf%d0%b0%d0%bd%d1%81%d0%ba%d0%be%d0%b3%d0%be-%d1%8f%d0%b7%d1%8b%d0%ba%d0%b0\/\">\u0438\u0441\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430<\/a>. \u041d\u0430\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f \u0438 \u0443\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0412\u0430\u0448\u0430 \u0443\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0443\u0442 \u0441 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b\u043c \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0436\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c!\n\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n                            <a class=\"getStartedHidden\" href=\"https:\/\/app.talkpal.ai\/signup?lng=\">\u041d\u0430\u0447\u043d\u0438<\/a>\r\n        \r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <figure>\r\n    <img decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/talkpal.ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Spanish-768x768.png\" class=\"languageImage no-lazy\" alt=\"Default alt text\" fetchpriority=\"high\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 150px, 768px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/talkpal.ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Spanish-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/talkpal.ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Spanish-300x300.png 300w\" \/>\r\n    \r\n\r\n    <\/figure>\r\n\r\n            <a class=\"getStartedVisible\" href=\"https:\/\/app.talkpal.ai\/signup?lng=\">\u041d\u0430\u0447\u043d\u0438<\/a>\r\n    \r\n<\/section>\r\n\r\n\r\n<!-- <section class=\"grammarSection\">\r\n    <div class=\"grammarLinks\">\r\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/talkpal.ai\/ru\/exercise_language\/%d0%b2%d1%80%d0%b5%d0%bc%d0%b5%d0%bd%d0%b0-%d1%83%d0%ba%d0%b0%d0%b7%d1%8b%d0%b2%d0%b0%d1%8e%d1%82\/\">\u0412\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u044a\u044f\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/talkpal.ai\/ru\/exercise_language\/%d0%b2%d1%80%d0%b5%d0%bc%d0%b5%d0%bd%d0%b0-%d1%81%d0%be%d1%81%d0%bb%d0%b0%d0%b3%d0%b0%d1%82%d0%b5%d0%bb%d1%8c%d0%bd%d1%8b%d0%b5\/\">\u0412\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/talkpal.ai\/ru\/exercise_language\/%d0%b3%d0%bb%d0%b0%d0%b3%d0%be%d0%bb%d1%8b-ru-3\/\">\u0413\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043b\u044b <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/talkpal.ai\/ru\/exercise_language\/%d0%bc%d0%b5%d1%81%d1%82%d0%be%d0%b8%d0%bc%d0%b5%d0%bd%d0%b8%d0%b5-ru\/\">\u041c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/talkpal.ai\/ru\/exercise_language\/%d0%bd%d0%b0%d1%80%d0%b5%d1%87%d0%b8%d1%8f-ru-3\/\">\u041d\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0438\u044f <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/talkpal.ai\/ru\/exercise_language\/%d0%bf%d1%80%d0%b5%d0%b4%d0%bb%d0%be%d0%b6%d0%b5%d0%bd%d0%b8%d1%8f-ru-3\/\">\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438 <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/talkpal.ai\/ru\/exercise_language\/%d0%bf%d1%80%d0%b8%d0%bb%d0%b0%d0%b3%d0%b0%d1%82%d0%b5%d0%bb%d1%8c%d0%bd%d1%8b%d0%b5-ru-3\/\">\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/talkpal.ai\/ru\/exercise_language\/%d0%bd%d0%b0%d0%bf%d1%80%d1%8f%d0%b6%d0%b5%d0%bd%d0%bd%d0%be%d0%b5-%d1%81%d1%80%d0%b0%d0%b2%d0%bd%d0%b5%d0%bd%d0%b8%d0%b5-ru\/\">\u0421\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/talkpal.ai\/ru\/exercise_language\/%d1%81%d1%82%d0%b0%d1%82%d1%8c%d0%b8-ru-2\/\">\u0421\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0438 <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/talkpal.ai\/ru\/exercise_language\/%d1%81%d1%82%d1%80%d1%83%d0%ba%d1%82%d1%83%d1%80%d0%b0-%d0%bf%d1%80%d0%b5%d0%b4%d0%bb%d0%be%d0%b6%d0%b5%d0%bd%d0%b8%d1%8f-ru-2\/\">\u0421\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/talkpal.ai\/ru\/exercise_language\/%d1%81%d1%83%d1%89%d0%b5%d1%81%d1%82%d0%b2%d0%b8%d1%82%d0%b5%d0%bb%d1%8c%d0%bd%d1%8b%d0%b5-ru-2\/\">\u0421\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 <\/a>    <\/div>\r\n<\/section> -->\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n        <section class=\"grammarSection\">\r\n            <div class=\"grammarLinks\">\r\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/talkpal.ai\/ru\/exercise_language\/%d0%b2%d1%80%d0%b5%d0%bc%d0%b5%d0%bd%d0%b0-%d1%83%d0%ba%d0%b0%d0%b7%d1%8b%d0%b2%d0%b0%d1%8e%d1%82\/\">\u0412\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u044a\u044f\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/talkpal.ai\/ru\/exercise_language\/%d0%b2%d1%80%d0%b5%d0%bc%d0%b5%d0%bd%d0%b0-%d1%81%d0%be%d1%81%d0%bb%d0%b0%d0%b3%d0%b0%d1%82%d0%b5%d0%bb%d1%8c%d0%bd%d1%8b%d0%b5\/\">\u0412\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/talkpal.ai\/ru\/exercise_language\/%d0%b3%d0%bb%d0%b0%d0%b3%d0%be%d0%bb%d1%8b-ru-3\/\">\u0413\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043b\u044b <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/talkpal.ai\/ru\/exercise_language\/%d0%bc%d0%b5%d1%81%d1%82%d0%be%d0%b8%d0%bc%d0%b5%d0%bd%d0%b8%d0%b5-ru\/\">\u041c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/talkpal.ai\/ru\/exercise_language\/%d0%bd%d0%b0%d1%80%d0%b5%d1%87%d0%b8%d1%8f-ru-3\/\">\u041d\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0438\u044f <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/talkpal.ai\/ru\/exercise_language\/%d0%bf%d1%80%d0%b5%d0%b4%d0%bb%d0%be%d0%b6%d0%b5%d0%bd%d0%b8%d1%8f-ru-3\/\">\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438 <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/talkpal.ai\/ru\/exercise_language\/%d0%bf%d1%80%d0%b8%d0%bb%d0%b0%d0%b3%d0%b0%d1%82%d0%b5%d0%bb%d1%8c%d0%bd%d1%8b%d0%b5-ru-3\/\">\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/talkpal.ai\/ru\/exercise_language\/%d0%bd%d0%b0%d0%bf%d1%80%d1%8f%d0%b6%d0%b5%d0%bd%d0%bd%d0%be%d0%b5-%d1%81%d1%80%d0%b0%d0%b2%d0%bd%d0%b5%d0%bd%d0%b8%d0%b5-ru\/\">\u0421\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/talkpal.ai\/ru\/exercise_language\/%d1%81%d1%82%d0%b0%d1%82%d1%8c%d0%b8-ru-2\/\">\u0421\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0438 <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/talkpal.ai\/ru\/exercise_language\/%d1%81%d1%82%d1%80%d1%83%d0%ba%d1%82%d1%83%d1%80%d0%b0-%d0%bf%d1%80%d0%b5%d0%b4%d0%bb%d0%be%d0%b6%d0%b5%d0%bd%d0%b8%d1%8f-ru-2\/\">\u0421\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/talkpal.ai\/ru\/exercise_language\/%d1%81%d1%83%d1%89%d0%b5%d1%81%d1%82%d0%b2%d0%b8%d1%82%d0%b5%d0%bb%d1%8c%d0%bd%d1%8b%d0%b5-ru-2\/\">\u0421\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 <\/a>            <\/div>\r\n        <\/section>\r\n<section class=\"promotionalBanner\">\r\n    <p class=\"promotionalText\">\u0421\u0430\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u044d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431 \u0432\u044b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a<\/p>\r\n    <a class=\"promotionalLink\" href=\"https:\/\/app.talkpal.ai\/signup?lng=\">\u041f\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0443\u0439\u0442\u0435 Talkpal \u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e<\/a>\r\n<\/section>\n<div class=\"wp-block-group pageContainerStyle\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-spanish-grammar-topics\">\u0413\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0418\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u0443\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0437\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0435\u043c, \u0438 <a href=\"https:\/\/talkpal.ai\/mn\/%d0%b8%d1%81%d0%bf%d0%b0%d0%bd%d0%b8-%d1%85%d1%8d%d0%bb%d0%bd%d0%b8%d0%b9-%d0%ba%d1%83%d1%80%d1%81%d1%83%d1%83%d0%b4\/\">\u0438\u0441\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/talkpal.ai\/talkpal-new-years-discount\/\">\u043d\u0435<\/a> \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0438\u0441\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c. \u0411\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0447\u0438 \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u043c \u043f\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0432 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435, \u043e\u043d \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u044c \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0435\u0448\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0439, 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\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435. \u041e\u0442 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d \u0438 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432, \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b\u0439 \u0430\u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430 \u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0443\u044e \u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c \u0432 \u0432\u0430\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u044d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f. \u0412 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0440\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u043c\u044b \u0438\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043c \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0432 \u0438\u0445 \u0432 \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0447\u044c \u0432\u0430\u043c \u0432\u044b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a \u0441 \u043b\u0435\u0433\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-1-nouns-and-articles\">1. \u0421\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438 \u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0438:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u041d\u0430\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0441 \u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043c\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u0438\u0445 \u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0441 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u043a\u043b\u044f\u043c\u0438. \u042d\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u0432\u0430\u043c \u043f\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044b\u0435 \u0444\u0440\u0430\u0437\u044b \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-2-adjectives\">2. \u041f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445, \u0438 \u0432 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0435 \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u044b \u0441\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e \u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u0438 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0443 \u0441 \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0442. \u0418\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0443\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0438\u0442 \u0432\u0430\u0448\u0443 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438 \u043c\u044b\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0435.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-3-pronouns\">3. \u041c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u041c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438 \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0438 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c. \u0421\u043e\u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0447\u044c\u0442\u0435\u0441\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0445, \u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0441\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 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\u0412\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u044a\u044f\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u041a\u0430\u043a \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0432\u044b \u043e\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b \u0441\u043f\u0440\u044f\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432, \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0440\u044c\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0438\u0432 \u0432 \u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u044a\u044f\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430, \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0435, \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435, \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0438 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442 \u0432\u0430\u043c \u0432\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u044b\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0445.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-6-adverbs\">6. \u041d\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0438\u044f:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u041d\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e \u043e \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0445, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0438\u044f\u0445. \u0418\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u044b \u043d\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0439 \u0438 \u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0445, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0438 \u043d\u044e\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u044e \u0440\u0435\u0447\u044c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-7-prepositions\">7. \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f. \u041e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043c\u044c\u0442\u0435\u0441\u044c \u0441 \u043d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u0438\u0445 \u0443\u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0445.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-8-tenses-subjunctive\">8. \u0412\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0421\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u043e\u043c\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043d\u0435\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0433\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439. \u0418\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0441\u043f\u0440\u044f\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438 \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0449\u0435\u043c, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0435\u0434\u0448\u0435\u043c \u0438 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0449\u0435\u043c \u0441\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043d\u0430\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-9-tense-comparison\">9. \u0421\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u041f\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u044e\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u0430\u043c \u0432\u044b\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0449\u0443\u044e \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0443 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0443\u043c\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043c\u044b\u0441\u043b\u0430. \u041f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0439\u0442\u0435\u0441\u044c \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0437\u044a\u044f\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0435\u0434\u0448\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435 \u043e\u0432\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0442\u044c \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u043e\u043c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-10-sentence-structure\">10. \u0421\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u041d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0446, \u0438\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044b\u0435, \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u041d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0441\u044c \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043e\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u044e\u0437\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u0439 \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u044d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0435.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\r\n<section class=\"learnNavigationSection\">\r\n            \r\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/talkpal.ai\/ru\/%d0%b8%d0%b7%d1%83%d1%87%d0%b5%d0%bd%d0%b8%d0%b5-%d0%b8%d1%81%d0%bf%d0%b0%d0%bd%d1%81%d0%ba%d0%be%d0%b3%d0%be-%d1%8f%d0%b7%d1%8b%d0%ba%d0%b0\/\">\r\n            <div class=\"learnNavigationWrapper\">\r\n                <div class=\"learnNavigationContent\">\r\n                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/talkpal.ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Spanish.jpg\" alt=\"Spanish Flag\">\r\n                    <div>\r\n                        <h4>\u041e\u0431 \u0438\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430<\/h4>\r\n                        <p>\u0423\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u043e \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430 .<\/p>\r\n                    <\/div>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n        <\/a>\r\n\r\n        \r\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/talkpal.ai\/ru\/%d0%b8%d1%81%d0%bf%d0%b0%d0%bd%d1%81%d0%ba%d0%b0%d1%8f-%d0%b3%d1%80%d0%b0%d0%bc%d0%bc%d0%b0%d1%82%d0%b8%d0%ba%d0%b0\/\">\r\n            <div class=\"learnNavigationWrapper\">\r\n                <div class=\"learnNavigationContent\">\r\n                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/talkpal.ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Spanish.jpg\" alt=\"Spanish Flag\">\r\n                    <div>\r\n                        <h4>\u0423\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430<\/h4>\r\n                        <p>\u041f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0443\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0443 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430 .<\/p>\r\n                    <\/div>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n        <\/a>\r\n\r\n        \r\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/talkpal.ai\/vocabulary_language\/spanish\/\">\r\n            <div class=\"learnNavigationWrapper\">\r\n                <div class=\"learnNavigationContent\">\r\n                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/talkpal.ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Spanish.jpg\" alt=\"Spanish Flag\">\r\n                    <div>\r\n                        <h4>\u0418\u0441\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0438\u043a\u0430<\/h4>\r\n                        <p>\u0420\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0440\u044c\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0441.<\/p>\r\n                    <\/div>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n        <\/a>\r\n\r\n            <\/section>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0413\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430 \u0418\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 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