{"id":1121633,"date":"2025-07-04T05:09:13","date_gmt":"2025-07-04T05:09:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/talkpal.ai\/grammar\/%ec%9d%bc%eb%b0%98%eb%aa%85%ec%82%ac-%ec%8a%a4%ec%99%80%ed%9e%90%eb%a6%ac%ec%96%b4\/"},"modified":"2025-07-04T05:09:13","modified_gmt":"2025-07-04T05:09:13","slug":"%ec%9d%bc%eb%b0%98%eb%aa%85%ec%82%ac-%ec%8a%a4%ec%99%80%ed%9e%90%eb%a6%ac%ec%96%b4","status":"publish","type":"grammar","link":"https:\/\/talkpal.ai\/ko\/grammar\/%ec%9d%bc%eb%b0%98%eb%aa%85%ec%82%ac-%ec%8a%a4%ec%99%80%ed%9e%90%eb%a6%ac%ec%96%b4\/","title":{"rendered":"\uc77c\ubc18\uba85\uc0ac \uc2a4\uc640\ud790\ub9ac\uc5b4"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\uc77c\ubc18\uba85\uc0ac <a href=\"https:\/\/talkpal.ai\/learn-swahili\/\">\uc2a4\uc640\ud790\ub9ac\uc5b4<\/a> \ud559\uc2b5\uc740 \uc544\ud504\ub9ac\uce74 \ub3d9\ubd80 \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc744 \ube44\ub86f\ud55c \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \ubb38\ud654\uad8c\uc5d0\uc11c \uc18c\ud1b5\uc744 \uac00\ub2a5\ud558\uac8c \ud558\ub294 \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uc5b8\uc5b4 \uae30\uc220\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc2a4\uc640\ud790\ub9ac\uc5b4\ub294 \uba85\uc0ac \uccb4\uacc4\uac00 \ub3c5\ud2b9\ud558\uace0 \ubb38\ubc95\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud765\ubbf8\ub85c\uc6b4 \ud2b9\uc9d5\uc744 \uc9c0\ub2c8\uace0 \uc788\uc5b4, \uc77c\ubc18\uba85\uc0ac\ub97c \uc774\ud574\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uc5b8\uc5b4 \ub2a5\ub825 \ud5a5\uc0c1\uc5d0 \ud575\uc2ec\uc801\uc778 \uc5ed\ud560\uc744 \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. Talkpal\uacfc \uac19\uc740 <a href=\"https:\/\/talkpal.ai\/ko\/%ec%93%b0%ea%b8%b0-%ed%96%a5%ec%83%81\/\">\uc5b8\uc5b4 \ud559\uc2b5<\/a> \ud50c\ub7ab\ud3fc\uc740 \uc2e4\uc81c \ud68c\ud654\uc640 <a href=\"https:\/\/talkpal.ai\/grammar\/\">\ubb38\ubc95<\/a> \uc5f0\uc2b5\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \uc77c\ubc18\uba85\uc0ac \uc2a4\uc640\ud790\ub9ac\uc5b4\ub97c \ud6a8\uacfc\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc775\ud790 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \ud6cc\ub96d\ud55c \ubc29\ubc95\uc744 \uc81c\uacf5\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \uae00\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc2a4\uc640\ud790\ub9ac\uc5b4 \uc77c\ubc18\uba85\uc0ac\uc758 \uad6c\uc870, \ubd84\ub958, \ud65c\uc6a9\ubc95\uacfc \ud568\uaed8 \ud559\uc2b5 \ud301\uc744 \uc0c1\uc138\ud788 \ub2e4\ub8e8\uc5b4, \uc2a4\uc640\ud790\ub9ac\uc5b4\ub97c \ucc98\uc74c \uc811\ud558\ub294 \ud559\uc2b5\uc790\ubd80\ud130 \uc911\uae09\uc790\uae4c\uc9c0 \ubaa8\ub450\uc5d0\uac8c \uc720\uc6a9\ud55c \uc815\ubcf4\ub97c \uc81c\uacf5\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<h2>\uc2a4\uc640\ud790\ub9ac\uc5b4 \uc77c\ubc18\uba85\uc0ac\ub780 \ubb34\uc5c7\uc778\uac00?<\/h2>\n<p>\uc2a4\uc640\ud790\ub9ac\uc5b4\uc5d0\uc11c \uc77c\ubc18\uba85\uc0ac\ub294 \uc0ac\ub78c, \uc0ac\ubb3c, \uc7a5\uc18c, \uac1c\ub150 \ub4f1 \uad6c\uccb4\uc801\uc774\uace0 \ucd94\uc0c1\uc801\uc778 \ub300\uc0c1\ub4e4\uc744 \uc9c0\uce6d\ud558\ub294 \ub2e8\uc5b4\ub97c \uc758\ubbf8\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc77c\ubc18\uba85\uc0ac\ub294 \uc2a4\uc640\ud790\ub9ac\uc5b4 \ubb38\ubc95\uc5d0\uc11c \ub9e4\uc6b0 \uc911\uc694\ud55c \ubd80\ubd84\uc744 \ucc28\uc9c0\ud558\uba70, \uba85\uc0ac\uc758 \ubd84\ub958\uc640 \uc811\ub450\uc0ac \ubcc0\ud654\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \ubb38\uc7a5\uc758 \uc758\ubbf8\uac00 \ud06c\uac8c \ub2ec\ub77c\uc9c8 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<h3>\uc77c\ubc18\uba85\uc0ac\uc758 \ud2b9\uc9d5<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\uba85\uc0ac \ud074\ub798\uc2a4 \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c:<\/strong> \uc2a4\uc640\ud790\ub9ac\uc5b4 \uba85\uc0ac\ub294 \uc5ec\ub7ec \uba85\uc0ac \ud074\ub798\uc2a4\ub85c \ub098\ub258\uba70, \uac01 \ud074\ub798\uc2a4\ub294 \ud2b9\uc815 \uc811\ub450\uc0ac\ub97c \uac00\uc9d1\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\uc131\ubcc4 \uad6c\ubd84 \uc5c6\uc74c:<\/strong> \uc2a4\uc640\ud790\ub9ac\uc5b4\ub294 \uc131\ubcc4 \uad6c\ubd84\uc774 \uc5c6\uc73c\uba70, \uba85\uc0ac \ubd84\ub958\ub294 \uc8fc\ub85c \uc758\ubbf8\uc640 \ud615\ud0dc\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \uc774\ub8e8\uc5b4\uc9d1\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\uc811\ub450\uc0ac \ubcc0\ud654:<\/strong> \uc77c\ubc18\uba85\uc0ac\ub294 \ubb38\ubc95\uc801 \uc5ed\ud560\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \uc811\ub450\uc0ac\uac00 \ubcc0\ud654\ud558\uc5ec \uc8fc\uc5b4, \ubaa9\uc801\uc5b4, \uc18c\uc720\uaca9 \ub4f1\uc5d0 \ub9de\uac8c \ubcc0\ud615\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\uba85\uc0ac \ud074\ub798\uc2a4\uc640 \uc811\ub450\uc0ac<\/h3>\n<p>\uc2a4\uc640\ud790\ub9ac\uc5b4 \uba85\uc0ac\ub294 \ud06c\uac8c \ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \uc8fc\uc694 \uba85\uc0ac \ud074\ub798\uc2a4\ub85c \ubd84\ub958\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\uba85\uc0ac \ud074\ub798\uc2a4<\/th>\n<th>\uc811\ub450\uc0ac \uc608\uc2dc<\/th>\n<th>\uc8fc\uc694 \uc6a9\ub3c4<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>1\/2<\/td>\n<td>m-\/wa-<\/td>\n<td>\uc0ac\ub78c (\ub2e8\uc218\/\ubcf5\uc218)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>3\/4<\/td>\n<td>m-\/mi-<\/td>\n<td>\ubb3c\uac74, \uc2dd\ubb3c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>5\/6<\/td>\n<td>ji-\/ma-<\/td>\n<td>\uc0ac\ubb3c, \ucd94\uc0c1\uba85\uc0ac<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>7\/8<\/td>\n<td>ki-\/vi-<\/td>\n<td>\ub3c4\uad6c, \uc7a5\uc18c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>9\/10<\/td>\n<td>N-\/N-<\/td>\n<td>\ub3d9\ubb3c, \uae30\ud0c0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>\uc2a4\uc640\ud790\ub9ac\uc5b4 \uc77c\ubc18\uba85\uc0ac \ud65c\uc6a9\ubc95<\/h2>\n<p>\uc2a4\uc640\ud790\ub9ac\uc5b4\uc5d0\uc11c \uc77c\ubc18\uba85\uc0ac\ub97c \uc62c\ubc14\ub974\uac8c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \ubb38\uc7a5\uc758 \uc758\ubbf8 \uc804\ub2ec\uc5d0 \ub9e4\uc6b0 \uc911\uc694\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud2b9\ud788 \ub3d9\uc0ac\uc640 \ud615\uc6a9\uc0ac\uc640\uc758 \uc77c\uce58 \ubc0f \ubb38\uc7a5 \uad6c\uc131\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4 \uba85\uc0ac \uc811\ub450\uc0ac\uc758 \ubcc0\ud654\ub294 \ud544\uc218\uc801\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<h3>\uc8fc\uc5b4\uc640 \ubaa9\uc801\uc5b4\uc5d0\uc11c \uba85\uc0ac \uc811\ub450\uc0ac \ubcc0\ud654<\/h3>\n<p>\uc2a4\uc640\ud790\ub9ac\uc5b4 \ubb38\uc7a5\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uba85\uc0ac\uac00 \uc8fc\uc5b4\uc77c \ub54c\uc640 \ubaa9\uc801\uc5b4\uc77c \ub54c \uac01\uac01 \ub2e4\ub978 \uc811\ub450\uc0ac\uac00 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc608\ub97c \ub4e4\uc5b4:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\uc8fc\uc5b4:<\/strong> Mtu (\uc0ac\ub78c, \ub2e8\uc218) \u2192 Mtu anakula (\uadf8 \uc0ac\ub78c\uc740 \uba39\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4)<\/li>\n<li><strong>\ubaa9\uc801\uc5b4:<\/strong> Nakuona mtu (\ub098\ub294 \uadf8 \uc0ac\ub78c\uc744 \ubcf8\ub2e4)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\uc774\ub54c &#8216;m-&#8216; \uc811\ub450\uc0ac\uac00 \uba85\uc0ac\uc758 \uae30\ubcf8 \ud615\ud0dc\ub97c \ub098\ud0c0\ub0b4\uba70, <a href=\"https:\/\/talkpal.ai\/ko\/grammar\/%ec%95%bd%eb%8f%99%ec%82%ac\/\">\ub3d9\uc0ac<\/a> \uc811\ub450\uc0ac \uc5ed\uc2dc \uba85\uc0ac \ud074\ub798\uc2a4\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \ubcc0\ud615\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<h3>\uc18c\uc720\uaca9\uacfc \uba85\uc0ac \uacb0\ud569<\/h3>\n<p>\uc2a4\uc640\ud790\ub9ac\uc5b4\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc18c\uc720\uaca9 \ud45c\ud604 \uc2dc \uba85\uc0ac \uc55e\uc5d0 \uc811\ub450\uc0ac\ub97c \ubd99\uc774\uac70\ub098 \ubcc4\ub3c4\uc758 \uc18c\uc720\uaca9 \ub300\uba85\uc0ac\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc77c\ubc18\uba85\uc0ac\uc758 \uc18c\uc720\uaca9 \ud45c\ud604 \uc608\uc2dc\ub294 \ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Kitabu cha mtoto (\uc544\uc774\uc758 \ucc45)<\/li>\n<li>Nyumba ya mzee (\ub178\uc778\uc758 \uc9d1)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u2018cha\u2019\uc640 \u2018ya\u2019\ub294 \uac01\uac01 \uba85\uc0ac \ud074\ub798\uc2a4\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \ub2e4\ub974\uac8c \uc4f0\uc774\ub294 \uc18c\uc720\uaca9 \uc811\uc18d\uc0ac\ub85c, \uba85\uc0ac\uc758 \uc811\ub450\uc0ac\uc640 \uc77c\uce58\ud574\uc57c \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<h3>\ubcf5\uc218\ud615 \ub9cc\ub4e4\uae30<\/h3>\n<p>\uc77c\ubc18\uba85\uc0ac\uc758 \ubcf5\uc218\ud615\uc740 \uba85\uc0ac \ud074\ub798\uc2a4\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \uc811\ub450\uc0ac\ub97c \ubc14\uafb8\uc5b4 \ud615\uc131\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc608\ub97c \ub4e4\uc5b4:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Mtu (\uc0ac\ub78c, \ub2e8\uc218) \u2192 Watu (\uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4, \ubcf5\uc218)<\/li>\n<li>Kitabu (\ucc45, \ub2e8\uc218) \u2192 Vitabu (\ucc45\ub4e4, \ubcf5\uc218)<\/li>\n<li>Mti (\ub098\ubb34, \ub2e8\uc218) \u2192 Miti (\ub098\ubb34\ub4e4, \ubcf5\uc218)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\ubcf5\uc218\ud615\uc744 \uc815\ud655\ud788 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \uc2a4\uc640\ud790\ub9ac\uc5b4 \ubb38\ubc95\uc758 \ud575\uc2ec\uc774\uba70, \uba85\uc0ac\uc640 \ub3d9\uc0ac, \ud615\uc6a9\uc0ac \ub4f1\uc758 \uc77c\uce58\uc5d0\ub3c4 \uc601\ud5a5\uc744 \ubbf8\uce69\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<h2>\uc2a4\uc640\ud790\ub9ac\uc5b4 \uc77c\ubc18\uba85\uc0ac \ud559\uc2b5 \ubc29\ubc95\uacfc \ud301<\/h2>\n<p>\uc2a4\uc640\ud790\ub9ac\uc5b4 \uc77c\ubc18\uba85\uc0ac \ud559\uc2b5\uc740 \uccb4\uacc4\uc801\uc778 \uc811\uadfc\uacfc \ubc18\ubcf5 \uc5f0\uc2b5\uc774 \uc911\uc694\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub2e4\uc74c\uc740 \ud6a8\uacfc\uc801\uc778 \ud559\uc2b5\ubc95\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<h3>Talkpal \ud65c\uc6a9\ud558\uae30<\/h3>\n<p>Talkpal\uc740 \uc2a4\uc640\ud790\ub9ac\uc5b4 \uc77c\ubc18\uba85\uc0ac\ubfd0\ub9cc \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uc804\uccb4 \uc5b8\uc5b4 \uccb4\uacc4\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc2e4\uc6a9\uc801\uc778 \ud559\uc2b5\uc744 \uc81c\uacf5\ud558\ub294 \ud50c\ub7ab\ud3fc\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc2e4\uc2dc\uac04 \ub300\ud654, <a href=\"https:\/\/talkpal.ai\/grammar\/\">\ubb38\ubc95 \uc5f0\uc2b5<\/a>, \ubc1c\uc74c \uad50\uc815 \uae30\ub2a5\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \ud559\uc2b5\uc790\uac00 \uc790\uc5f0\uc2a4\ub7fd\uac8c \uba85\uc0ac\uc640 \uadf8 \ubcc0\ud654\ub97c \uc775\ud790 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc8fc\uc694 \uc7a5\uc810\uc740 \ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\uc6d0\uc5b4\ubbfc\uacfc\uc758 \uc9c1\uc811 \uc18c\ud1b5\uc73c\ub85c \uc2e4\uc81c \uc0ac\uc6a9 \ud658\uacbd \uacbd\ud5d8<\/li>\n<li>\uc77c\ubc18\uba85\uc0ac \ud074\ub798\uc2a4\ubcc4 \uc608\ubb38\uacfc \ubb38\uc7a5 \uad6c\uc870 \ubc18\ubcf5 \ud559\uc2b5<\/li>\n<li>\ub9de\ucda4\ud615 \ud53c\ub4dc\ubc31 \ubc0f \ubc1c\uc74c \uad50\uc815 \uae30\ub2a5<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\uba85\uc0ac \ud074\ub798\uc2a4\ubcc4 \ub2e8\uc5b4 \uc554\uae30<\/h3>\n<p>\uba85\uc0ac \uc811\ub450\uc0ac\uc640 \ud074\ub798\uc2a4\ub294 \uc2a4\uc640\ud790\ub9ac\uc5b4 \ubb38\ubc95\uc758 \uae30\ubcf8\uc774\ubbc0\ub85c, \ud074\ub798\uc2a4\ubcc4\ub85c \ub2e8\uc5b4\ub97c \ubd84\ub958\ud558\uc5ec \uc554\uae30\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \ud6a8\uacfc\uc801\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\uc8fc\uc81c\ubcc4 \ub2e8\uc5b4\uc7a5 \uc791\uc131 (\uc0ac\ub78c, \ub3d9\ubb3c, \uc0ac\ubb3c \ub4f1)<\/li>\n<li>\uba85\uc0ac \uc811\ub450\uc0ac\ubcc4 \uc608\ubb38 \ub9cc\ub4e4\uae30<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/talkpal.ai\/ko\/grammar\/%eb%b3%b5%ec%88%98%ed%98%95%ec%97%90-%eb%8c%80%ed%95%b4\/\">\ubcf5\uc218\ud615<\/a> \ubc0f \uc18c\uc720\uaca9 \ud615\ud0dc \uc5f0\uc2b5<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\ubc18\ubcf5\uc801\uc778 \ubb38\uc7a5 \uad6c\uc131 \uc5f0\uc2b5<\/h3>\n<p>\ub2e8\uc21c \ub2e8\uc5b4 \uc554\uae30\ubfd0 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c, \uc77c\ubc18\uba85\uc0ac\ub97c \ud3ec\ud568\ud55c \ubb38\uc7a5 \uad6c\uc131 \uc5f0\uc2b5\uc740 \uc5b4\ud718 \ud65c\uc6a9 \ub2a5\ub825\uc744 \ub192\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc608\ub97c \ub4e4\uc5b4, \uc77c\uc0c1 \ub300\ud654 \ubb38\uc7a5, \uc9c8\ubb38\uacfc \ub2f5\ubcc0 \uc5f0\uc2b5\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \uc790\uc5f0\uc2a4\ub7fd\uac8c \uba85\uc0ac \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc744 \uc775\ud790 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<h2>\uc2a4\uc640\ud790\ub9ac\uc5b4 \uc77c\ubc18\uba85\uc0ac \ud559\uc2b5\uc758 \uc911\uc694\uc131<\/h2>\n<p>\uc77c\ubc18\uba85\uc0ac\ub294 \uc2a4\uc640\ud790\ub9ac\uc5b4 \ubb38\ubc95\uacfc \uc18c\ud1b5\uc758 \uae30\ucd08\uac00 \ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uba85\uc0ac \uccb4\uacc4\ub97c \uc798 \uc774\ud574\ud558\uba74 \ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \uc774\uc810\uc774 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\uc815\ud655\ud55c \ubb38\ubc95 \uad6c\uc870 \uc774\ud574\uc640 \ud45c\ud604\ub825 \ud5a5\uc0c1<\/li>\n<li>\ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \ubb38\uc7a5 \ud328\ud134\uacfc \uc5b4\ud718 \ud65c\uc6a9 \uac00\ub2a5<\/li>\n<li>\ubb38\ud654\uc801 \ub9e5\ub77d\uc5d0\uc11c \uc758\ubbf8 \ud30c\uc545 \uc6a9\uc774<\/li>\n<li>\uc2e4\uc81c \ub300\ud654\uc5d0\uc11c \uc790\uc5f0\uc2a4\ub7ec\uc6b4 \uc758\uc0ac\uc18c\ud1b5 \uac00\ub2a5<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\ud2b9\ud788 \uc544\ud504\ub9ac\uce74 \ube44\uc988\ub2c8\uc2a4, \uc5ec\ud589, \ud559\uc220 \uad50\ub958 \ub4f1 \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \ubd84\uc57c\uc5d0\uc11c \uc2a4\uc640\ud790\ub9ac\uc5b4 \uc77c\ubc18\uba85\uc0ac\ub97c \uc815\ud655\ud788 \uad6c\uc0ac\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \ud070 \uacbd\uc7c1\ub825\uc774 \ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<h2>\uacb0\ub860<\/h2>\n<p>\uc2a4\uc640\ud790\ub9ac\uc5b4 \uc77c\ubc18\uba85\uc0ac \ud559\uc2b5\uc740 \uc5b8\uc5b4 \ub2a5\ub825 \ud5a5\uc0c1\uc5d0 \ud544\uc218\uc801\uc778 \ub2e8\uacc4\ub85c, \uba85\uc0ac \ud074\ub798\uc2a4\uc640 \uc811\ub450\uc0ac \ubcc0\ud654, \ubcf5\uc218\ud615\uacfc \uc18c\uc720\uaca9 \ud45c\ud604 \ub4f1 \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \ubb38\ubc95 \uc694\uc18c\ub97c \ud3ec\ud568\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. 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