{"id":1120470,"date":"2025-07-04T04:11:09","date_gmt":"2025-07-04T04:11:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/talkpal.ai\/grammar\/%ea%b3%bc%ea%b1%b0%ed%98%95-%eb%9d%bc%ed%8a%b8%eb%b9%84%ec%95%84%ec%96%b4\/"},"modified":"2025-07-04T04:11:09","modified_gmt":"2025-07-04T04:11:09","slug":"%ea%b3%bc%ea%b1%b0%ed%98%95-%eb%9d%bc%ed%8a%b8%eb%b9%84%ec%95%84%ec%96%b4","status":"publish","type":"grammar","link":"https:\/\/talkpal.ai\/ko\/grammar\/%ea%b3%bc%ea%b1%b0%ed%98%95-%eb%9d%bc%ed%8a%b8%eb%b9%84%ec%95%84%ec%96%b4\/","title":{"rendered":"\uacfc\uac70\ud615 \ub77c\ud2b8\ube44\uc544\uc5b4"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\ub77c\ud2b8\ube44\uc544\uc5b4\uc758 \uacfc\uac70\ud615\uc740 \ub77c\ud2b8\ube44\uc544\uc5b4 \ud559\uc2b5\uc790\ub4e4\uc774 \ubc18\ub4dc\uc2dc \uc775\ud600\uc57c \ud558\ub294 \uc911\uc694\ud55c <a href=\"https:\/\/talkpal.ai\/grammar\/\">\ubb38\ubc95<\/a> \uc694\uc18c\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uacfc\uac70\ud615\uc740 \uacfc\uac70\uc5d0 \uc77c\uc5b4\ub09c \uc0ac\uac74\uc774\ub098 \uc0c1\ud0dc\ub97c \ud45c\ud604\ud558\ub294 \ub370 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub418\uba70, \uc62c\ubc14\ub978 \ud65c\uc6a9\ubc95\uc744 \uc774\ud574\ud558\uba74 \uc790\uc5f0\uc2a4\ub7ec\uc6b4 \ud68c\ud654\uc640 \uae00\uc4f0\uae30\uac00 \uac00\ub2a5\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud2b9\ud788, \uacfc\uac70\ud615 \ub77c\ud2b8\ube44\uc544\uc5b4\ub97c \uccb4\uacc4\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uacf5\ubd80\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574\uc11c\ub294 \ud6a8\uacfc\uc801\uc778 \ud559\uc2b5 \ub3c4\uad6c\uac00 \ud544\uc694\ud558\uba70, Talkpal\uc740 \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790 \ub9de\ucda4\ud615 \ud559\uc2b5\ubc95\uacfc \ud48d\ubd80\ud55c \ucf58\ud150\uce20\ub85c \uacfc\uac70\ud615\uc744 \ud3ec\ud568\ud55c \ub77c\ud2b8\ube44\uc544\uc5b4 \uc804\ubc18\uc744 \ubc30\uc6b0\uae30\uc5d0 \ucd5c\uc801\uc758 \ud50c\ub7ab\ud3fc\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ubc88 \uae00\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ub77c\ud2b8\ube44\uc544\uc5b4 \uacfc\uac70\ud615\uc758 \uad6c\uc870, <a href=\"https:\/\/talkpal.ai\/ko\/grammar\/%ed%99%9c%ec%9a%a9%eb%b2%95\/\">\ud65c\uc6a9\ubc95<\/a>, \uc8fc\uc694 \uaddc\uce59 \ubc0f \uc608\uc678\uc0ac\ud56d\uc744 \uc790\uc138\ud788 \uc0b4\ud3b4\ubcf4\uace0, \ud6a8\uacfc\uc801\uc778 \ud559\uc2b5 \uc804\ub7b5\ub3c4 \ud568\uaed8 \uc18c\uac1c\ud558\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<h2>\ub77c\ud2b8\ube44\uc544\uc5b4 \uacfc\uac70\ud615\uc758 \uae30\ubcf8 \uac1c\ub150<\/h2>\n<p>\ub77c\ud2b8\ube44\uc544\uc5b4\uc5d0\uc11c \uacfc\uac70\ud615\uc740 \uacfc\uac70 \uc2dc\uc810\uc744 \ub098\ud0c0\ub0b4\ub294 <a href=\"https:\/\/talkpal.ai\/ko\/grammar\/%ec%95%bd%eb%8f%99%ec%82%ac\/\">\ub3d9\uc0ac<\/a> \ud65c\uc6a9\ud615\uc73c\ub85c, \uc77c\ubc18\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uacfc\uac70\uc5d0 \uc644\ub8cc\ub41c \ub3d9\uc791\uc774\ub098 \uc0c1\ud0dc\ub97c \ubb18\uc0ac\ud560 \ub54c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub77c\ud2b8\ube44\uc544\uc5b4\ub294 \uad50\ucc29\uc5b4 \ud2b9\uc131\uc744 \ub760\uba70, \ub3d9\uc0ac \ubcc0\ud654\uac00 \uc778\uce6d, \uc218, \uc2dc\uc81c, \ubc95 \ub4f1\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \ubcf5\uc7a1\ud558\uac8c \uc774\ub8e8\uc5b4\uc9d1\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub530\ub77c\uc11c \uacfc\uac70\ud615\uc758 \uc815\ud655\ud55c \uc774\ud574\ub294 <a href=\"https:\/\/talkpal.ai\/ko\/%eb%9d%bc%ed%8a%b8%eb%b9%84%ec%95%84%ec%96%b4-%eb%b0%b0%ec%9a%b0%ea%b8%b0\/\">\ub77c\ud2b8\ube44\uc544\uc5b4 \ubb38\ubc95<\/a> \uc804\ubc18\uc744 \uc2b5\ub4dd\ud558\ub294 \ub370 \ud575\uc2ec\uc801\uc778 \ubd80\ubd84\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<h3>\uacfc\uac70\ud615\uc758 \uc5ed\ud560\uacfc \uc911\uc694\uc131<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\uc2dc\uac04 \ud45c\ud604:<\/strong> \uacfc\uac70\uc758 \uc0ac\uac74, \uacbd\ud5d8, \uc2b5\uad00 \ub4f1\uc744 \ud45c\ud604\ud560 \ub54c \ud544\uc218\uc801\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\uc758\ubbf8 \uc804\ub2ec:<\/strong> \ub3d9\uc791\uc758 \uc644\ub8cc \uc5ec\ubd80\uc640 \uc2dc\uac04\uc801 \ubc30\uacbd\uc744 \uba85\ud655\ud788 \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\ub300\ud654 \ubc0f \uc11c\uc220:<\/strong> \uc77c\uc0c1 \ub300\ud654, \uc774\uc57c\uae30, \ubcf4\uace0\uc11c \uc791\uc131 \ub4f1 \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \uc0c1\ud669\uc5d0\uc11c \ud65c\uc6a9\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\ub77c\ud2b8\ube44\uc544\uc5b4 \uacfc\uac70\ud615\uc758 \uad6c\uc870<\/h2>\n<p>\ub77c\ud2b8\ube44\uc544\uc5b4 \uacfc\uac70\ud615\uc740 \uc8fc\ub85c \ubd88\uc644\uc804 \uacfc\uac70(imperfective past)\uc640 \uc644\uc804 \uacfc\uac70(perfective past)\ub85c \uad6c\ubd84\ub418\uba70, \ub3d9\uc0ac\uc758 \ud65c\uc6a9\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \uc5ec\ub7ec \ud615\ud0dc\uac00 \ub098\ud0c0\ub0a9\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uae30\ubcf8\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ub3d9\uc0ac\uc758 \uc5b4\uac04\uc5d0 \ud2b9\uc815 \uc811\ubbf8\uc0ac\uac00 \ubd99\uac70\ub098 \uc5b4\ubbf8\uac00 \ubcc0\ud615\ub418\uc5b4 \uacfc\uac70 \uc2dc\uc81c\ub97c \ub098\ud0c0\ub0c5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<h3>\ubd88\uc644\uc804 \uacfc\uac70\uc640 \uc644\uc804 \uacfc\uac70<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\ubd88\uc644\uc804 \uacfc\uac70 (Imperfekts):<\/strong> \uacfc\uac70\uc5d0 \ubc18\ubcf5\uc801\uc774\uac70\ub098 \uc9c0\uc18d\uc801\uc778 \ud589\uc704\ub97c \ud45c\ud604\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\uc644\uc804 \uacfc\uac70 (Perfekts):<\/strong> \ud2b9\uc815 \uc2dc\uc810\uc5d0 \uc644\ub8cc\ub41c \ub3d9\uc791\uc774\ub098 \uc0ac\uac74\uc744 \ub098\ud0c0\ub0c5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\uc608\ub97c \ub4e4\uc5b4, \ub3d9\uc0ac <em>las\u012bt<\/em> (\uc77d\ub2e4)\uc758 \uacfc\uac70\ud615\uc740 \ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\uc778\uce6d<\/th>\n<th>\ubd88\uc644\uc804 \uacfc\uac70<\/th>\n<th>\uc644\uc804 \uacfc\uac70<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>1\uc778\uce6d \ub2e8\uc218<\/td>\n<td>las\u012bju<\/td>\n<td>esmu las\u012bjis\/las\u012bjusi<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>2\uc778\uce6d \ub2e8\uc218<\/td>\n<td>las\u012bji<\/td>\n<td>esi las\u012bjis\/las\u012bjusi<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>3\uc778\uce6d \ub2e8\uc218<\/td>\n<td>las\u012bja<\/td>\n<td>ir las\u012bjis\/las\u012bjusi<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>\uacfc\uac70\ud615 \uc811\ubbf8\uc0ac\uc640 \ud65c\uc6a9 \uaddc\uce59<\/h3>\n<p>\uacfc\uac70\ud615\uc744 \ub9cc\ub4dc\ub294 \uc77c\ubc18\uc801\uc778 \uaddc\uce59\uc740 \ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\ub3d9\uc0ac \uc5b4\uac04\uc5d0 <em>-ja-<\/em> \ub610\ub294 <em>-\u012bja-<\/em>\uc640 \uac19\uc740 \uc811\ubbf8\uc0ac\ub97c \uc0bd\uc785<\/li>\n<li>\uc778\uce6d \ubc0f \uc218\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \uc5b4\ubbf8 \ubcc0\ud615<\/li>\n<li>\uc131\ubcc4\uc5d0 \ub530\ub978 \ub3d9\uc0ac \ub05d \uc5b4\ubbf8 \ubcc0\ud654 (\ub0a8\uc131\ud615 &#8211; <em>-is<\/em>, \uc5ec\uc131\ud615 &#8211; <em>-usi<\/em> \ub4f1)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\uc608\ub97c \ub4e4\uc5b4, <em>run\u0101t<\/em> (\ub9d0\ud558\ub2e4)\uc758 \uacfc\uac70\ud615:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>1\uc778\uce6d \ub2e8\uc218: run\u0101ju<\/li>\n<li>2\uc778\uce6d \ub2e8\uc218: run\u0101ji<\/li>\n<li>3\uc778\uce6d \ub2e8\uc218: run\u0101ja<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uaddc\uce59\uc740 \uc815\uaddc \ub3d9\uc0ac\uc5d0 \uc801\uc6a9\ub418\uba70, \ubd88\uaddc\uce59 \ub3d9\uc0ac\ub294 \ubcc4\ub3c4\uc758 \ud559\uc2b5\uc774 \ud544\uc694\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<h2>\ubd88\uaddc\uce59 \uacfc\uac70\ud615 \ub3d9\uc0ac<\/h2>\n<p>\ub77c\ud2b8\ube44\uc544\uc5b4\uc5d0\ub294 \ubd88\uaddc\uce59 \uacfc\uac70\ud615\uc744 \uac00\uc9c4 \ub3d9\uc0ac\ub4e4\uc774 \uc874\uc7ac\ud558\uba70, \uc774\ub294 \ub3d9\uc0ac\ubcc4\ub85c \uacfc\uac70\ud615 \ud615\ud0dc\uac00 \ub2e4\ub974\uac70\ub098 \uc5b4\uac04 \uc790\uccb4\uac00 \ubcc0\ud558\ub294 \uacbd\uc6b0\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubd88\uaddc\uce59 \ub3d9\uc0ac\ub97c \uc815\ud655\ud788 \uc775\ud788\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \uc790\uc5f0\uc2a4\ub7ec\uc6b4 \ud68c\ud654\uc640 \uc791\ubb38\uc5d0 \ub9e4\uc6b0 \uc911\uc694\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<h3>\ub300\ud45c\uc801\uc778 \ubd88\uaddc\uce59 \ub3d9\uc0ac \uc608\uc2dc<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>b\u016bt<\/strong> (\uc788\ub2e4, \uc788\ub2e4\uc758 \uacfc\uac70\ud615: biju, biji, bija)<\/li>\n<li><strong>dot<\/strong> (\uc8fc\ub2e4, \uacfc\uac70\ud615: devu, devi, deva)<\/li>\n<li><strong>iet<\/strong> (\uac00\ub2e4, \uacfc\uac70\ud615: g\u0101ju, g\u0101ji, g\u0101ja)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\uc774\ub4e4 \ub3d9\uc0ac\ub294 \uc5b4\uac04 \ubcc0\ud654 \ubc0f \uacfc\uac70\ud615 \uc5b4\ubbf8\uac00 \ubd88\uaddc\uce59\uc801\uc774\ubbc0\ub85c \ubcc4\ub3c4 \uc554\uae30\uac00 \ud544\uc694\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<h2>\uacfc\uac70\ud615 \ub77c\ud2b8\ube44\uc544\uc5b4 \ud559\uc2b5\uc744 \uc704\ud55c \ud301<\/h2>\n<p>\uacfc\uac70\ud615 \ub77c\ud2b8\ube44\uc544\uc5b4\ub97c \ud6a8\uacfc\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ubc30\uc6b0\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \uc804\ub7b5\uc744 \ucd94\ucc9c\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<h3>1. \uaddc\uce59\uacfc \ubd88\uaddc\uce59 \ub3d9\uc0ac \ubd84\ub9ac \ud559\uc2b5<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\uc815\uaddc \ub3d9\uc0ac\uc758 \uacfc\uac70\ud615 \uaddc\uce59\uc744 \uba3c\uc800 \uc644\ubcbd\ud788 \uc775\ud799\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<li>\ubd88\uaddc\uce59 \ub3d9\uc0ac\ub294 \ubcc4\ub3c4\uc758 \ub9ac\uc2a4\ud2b8\ub97c \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5b4 \ubc18\ubcf5\ud574\uc11c \uc554\uae30\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>2. \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \ubb38\ub9e5\uc5d0\uc11c \uacfc\uac70\ud615 \ud65c\uc6a9 \uc5f0\uc2b5<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\uc77c\uae30 \uc791\uc131, \uacfc\uac70 \uacbd\ud5d8 \ubb18\uc0ac \ub4f1\uc73c\ub85c \uc2e4\uc81c \uc4f0\uae30 \uc5f0\uc2b5<\/li>\n<li>\ub4e3\uae30 \uc790\ub8cc\uc5d0\uc11c <a href=\"https:\/\/talkpal.ai\/ko\/grammar\/%ea%b3%bc%ea%b1%b0-%eb%8b%a8%ec%88%9c-%ea%b3%bc%ea%b1%b0-%ec%99%84%eb%a3%8c-%ec%a0%9c%eb%aa%a9%ec%96%b4-%eb%82%b4%ec%9a%a9\/\">\uacfc\uac70 \uc2dc\uc81c<\/a> \ubb38\uc7a5 \uc9d1\uc911 \uccad\ucde8<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>3. Talkpal \ud65c\uc6a9\ud558\uae30<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Talkpal\uc740 \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \ub77c\ud2b8\ube44\uc544\uc5b4 \uacfc\uac70\ud615 \uc608\ubb38\uacfc \ud034\uc988\ub97c \uc81c\uacf5\ud558\uc5ec \uc2e4\uc804 \uac10\uac01\uc744 \ud0a4\uc6b8 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<li>\ub9de\ucda4\ud615 \ud53c\ub4dc\ubc31\uacfc \ubc18\ubcf5 \ud559\uc2b5 \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\uc73c\ub85c \ud559\uc2b5 \ud6a8\uc728 \uadf9\ub300\ud654<\/li>\n<li>\uc6d0\uc5b4\ubbfc\uacfc\uc758 \ub300\ud654 \uc5f0\uc2b5\uc744 \ud1b5\ud55c \uc790\uc5f0\uc2a4\ub7ec\uc6b4 \uacfc\uac70\ud615 \uc0ac\uc6a9 \uacbd\ud5d8<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\uacfc\uac70\ud615 \ub77c\ud2b8\ube44\uc544\uc5b4\uc758 \uc2e4\uc81c \uc608\ubb38<\/h2>\n<p>\ub2e4\uc74c\uc740 \uacfc\uac70\ud615\uc774 \ud3ec\ud568\ub41c \ubb38\uc7a5\uc758 \uc608\uc2dc\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Es vakar las\u012bju gr\u0101matu. (\ub098\ub294 \uc5b4\uc81c \ucc45\uc744 \uc77d\uc5c8\ub2e4.)<\/li>\n<li>Vi\u0146\u0161 g\u0101ja uz veikalu. (\uadf8\ub294 \uac00\uac8c\uc5d0 \uac14\ub2e4.)<\/li>\n<li>M\u0113s dev\u0101mies ce\u013cojum\u0101 pag\u0101ju\u0161aj\u0101 vasar\u0101. (\uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \uc9c0\ub09c \uc5ec\ub984\uc5d0 \uc5ec\ud589\uc744 \uac14\ub2e4.)<\/li>\n<li>Tu biji \u013coti aiz\u0146emts vakar. (\ub108\ub294 \uc5b4\uc81c \ub9e4\uc6b0 \ubc14\ube74\ub2e4.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \ubb38\uc7a5\ub4e4\uc744 \uc9c1\uc811 \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5b4\ubcf4\uace0, Talkpal\uc5d0\uc11c \uc81c\uacf5\ud558\ub294 \ud53c\ub4dc\ubc31\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \ubb38\ubc95 \uc624\ub958\ub97c \uc218\uc815\ud574 \ub098\uac00\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \ud070 \ub3c4\uc6c0\uc774 \ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<h2>\ub9c8\ubb34\ub9ac: \uacfc\uac70\ud615 \ub77c\ud2b8\ube44\uc544\uc5b4 \ud559\uc2b5\uc758 \uc911\uc694\uc131\uacfc \uc804\ub9dd<\/h2>\n<p>\uacfc\uac70\ud615\uc740 \ub77c\ud2b8\ube44\uc544\uc5b4 \ubb38\ubc95\uc758 \ud575\uc2ec \ucd95 \uc911 \ud558\ub098\ub85c, \uc774\ub97c \uc815\ud655\ud788 \uad6c\uc0ac\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \uc5b8\uc5b4 \ub2a5\ub825 \ud5a5\uc0c1\uc758 \ud544\uc218 \uc694\uc18c\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. 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