第三条件は、「もし〜だったら（過去の事実に反して）、〜したことになるだろう（が、実際には起こらなかったこと）」という仮想的な状況を表す際に使用される英語の文法形式です。通常、「if」を使う副詞節で過去完了時制を用い、主節では「would have」+過去分詞を使って表現します。例えば、「If I had woken up early, I would have caught the bus」のように使われます。この形式は、実際には起こらなかった過去の事態についての憶測や後悔を述べるために便利です。
この演習を通じて、第三条件文の作り方と使い方を理解し、自身で実際に使えるようになることを目指しましょう。それでは、以下に示す各文の空欄を適切な形で埋めて、第三条件文を完成させてください。文章の文脈をよく読み、適切な語句を選んでください。
演習1：第三条件文の完成
If I *had known* (know) about the traffic, I wouldn’t have been late.
She would have been very successful if she *had pursued* (pursue) her career in acting.
If we *had taken* (take) the map with us, we wouldn’t have gotten lost.
He *would have won* (win) the match if he had trained harder.
You wouldn’t have felt so sick if you *hadn’t eaten* (not eat) so much junk food.
If they *had studied* (study) more, they would have passed the exam with flying colors.
I *would have bought* (buy) that house if I had had enough money at that time.
If you *had told* (tell) me you needed help, I would have been there for you.
She *would have come* (come) to the party if she hadn’t been so tired.
If he *had realized* (realize) the importance of the meeting, he would have attended it.
We *would have caught* (catch) the train if we hadn’t missed the bus.
If I *hadn’t lost* (not lose) my passport, I could have traveled last summer.
You would have enjoyed the concert more if you *had arrived* (arrive) on time.
If she *hadn’t spent* (not spend) all her money, she would have gone on a vacation.
He *would have finished* (finish) his degree if he hadn’t dropped out of university.
演習2：第三条件文の応用
If the weather *had been* (be) better, we would have gone to the beach.
I *would have called* (call) you if my phone hadn’t died.
If you *had listened* (listen) to my advice, you wouldn’t be in this situation now.
They would have missed the deadline if they *hadn’t worked* (not work) overnight.
You *would have found* (find) the keys if you had looked properly.
If she *had left* (leave) the house earlier, she wouldn’t have missed the bus.
We *would have saved* (save) more money last year if we had made a budget.
If he *hadn’t wasted* (not waste) his time playing video games, he could have finished his project.
You *wouldn’t have hurt* (not hurt) your foot if you had worn proper shoes.
If I *had paid* (pay) more attention in class, I would have understood the lesson better.
She would have seen the mistake if she *had checked* (check) the report thoroughly.
If they *hadn’t ignored* (not ignore) the warning signs, the accident could have been avoided.
You *would have seen* (see) the celebrity if you had arrived earlier.
If I *hadn’t changed* (not change) my mind at the last minute, I would have been on that flight.
They *would have been* (be) happier if they had spent more time together.
