The Present Perfect Progressive tense is used in Kazakh grammar to express an action that started in the past and continues in the present. It’s formed by conjugating the verb “bolu” (to be) in the Present Perfect tense, and adding “-ıp jatır” to the main verb. The verb changes its form based on noun’s gender, number and person. Equally, this tense emphasises the process or duration of the action rather than the end result. This may be tricky for language learners, thus exercises are essential for understanding and mastering this concept.
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