The Past Perfect Progressive tense in Kazakh grammar refers to an action that had been ongoing in the past before another past action. This tense is used to express a sense of cause and effect between two past actions and it is typically expressed by using the past participle form of the Kazakh verb “болу” (to be) with the auxiliaries “-ған/-ген” (been) and “-де/-те” (at). Now let’s practice this in the following exercises.