Basic Greetings and Polite Expressions

Greetings are the first step in any conversation. Knowing how to greet someone in Tamil will help you start off on the right foot.

– **Vanakkam** (வணக்கம்): The most common way to say “Hello.” This can be used in both formal and informal settings.
– **Nandri** (நன்றி): Means “Thank you.” Always good to know how to express gratitude.
– **Epdi irukeenga?** (எப்படி இருக்கீங்க?): “How are you?” This is a polite way to ask about someone's well-being.
– **Nalamaa?** (நலமா?): A more casual way to ask “Are you well?”
– **Sari** (சரி): Means “Okay” or “Alright.”
– **Dhanyavaadham** (தன்யவாதம்): Another way to say “Thank you,” though less commonly used than “Nandri.”
– **Manichidunga** (மன்னித்திடுங்கள்): “Sorry” or “Excuse me.” Use this to apologize or get someone's attention.

Personal Pronouns

Understanding personal pronouns is vital for constructing sentences. Here are the Tamil equivalents of English pronouns:

– **Naan** (நான்): “I”
– **Nee** (நீ): “You” (informal)
– **Neenga** (நீங்கள்): “You” (formal)
– **Avan** (அவன்): “He”
– **Aval** (அவள்): “She”
– **Adhu** (அது): “It”
– **Naam** (நாம்): “We” (inclusive)
– **Naanga** (நாங்கள்): “We” (exclusive)
– **Avanga** (அவர்கள்): “They”

Common Nouns

Nouns are the building blocks of any language. Here are some essential nouns that you will frequently encounter:

– **Veedu** (வீடு): “House” or “Home”
– **Kudumbam** (குடும்பம்): “Family”
– **Nakku** (நாக்கு): “Tongue”
– **Kai** (கை): “Hand”
– **Kaal** (கால்): “Leg”
– **Thala** (தலை): “Head”
– **Palli** (பள்ளி): “School”
– **Nagar** (நகரம்): “City”
– **Paatti** (பாட்டி): “Grandmother”
– **Thatha** (தாத்தா): “Grandfather”

Food and Drink

Food is an integral part of any culture. Here are some basic food-related words:

– **Saapadu** (சாப்பாடு): “Food” or “Meal”
– **Thanni** (தண்ணி): “Water”
– **Palam** (பழம்): “Fruit”
– **Unavu** (உணவு): “Food”
– **Kapi** (காபி): “Coffee”
– **Tea** (தேநீர்): “Tea”
– **Paal** (பால்): “Milk”
– **Saambaar** (சாம்பார்): A popular South Indian dish made of lentils and vegetables.
– **Rasam** (ரசம்): A spicy, tangy soup often served with rice.

Numbers and Time

Being able to count and tell time is essential. Here are the basic numbers and time-related words:

Numbers

– **Onru** (ஒன்று): “One”
– **Irandu** (இரண்டு): “Two”
– **Moondru** (மூன்று): “Three”
– **Naangu** (நான்கு): “Four”
– **Aindhu** (ஐந்து): “Five”
– **Aaru** (ஆறு): “Six”
– **Ezh** (ஏழு): “Seven”
– **Ettu** (எட்டு): “Eight”
– **Onbadhu** (ஒன்பது): “Nine”
– **Pathu** (பத்து): “Ten”

Days of the Week

– **Gnayaayiru** (ஞாயிறு): “Sunday”
– **Thingal** (திங்கள்): “Monday”
– **Sevvaai** (செவ்வாய்): “Tuesday”
– **Budhan** (புதன்): “Wednesday”
– **Vyaazhan** (வியாழன்): “Thursday”
– **Velli** (வெள்ளி): “Friday”
– **Sani** (சனி): “Saturday”

Telling Time

– **Mani** (மணி): “Clock” or “Time”
– **Neram** (நேரம்): “Hour”
– **Nimidam** (நிமிடம்): “Minute”
– **Sekund** (செகண்ட்): “Second”

Adjectives and Descriptions

Adjectives help you describe nouns. Here are some basic adjectives:

– **Periya** (பெரிய): “Big”
– **Chinna** (சின்ன): “Small”
– **Ullam** (உள்ளம்): “Happy”
– **Kashtam** (கஷ்டம்): “Difficult”
– **Ezhuppu** (எளிது): “Easy”
– **Azhagu** (அழகு): “Beautiful”
– **Mosam** (மோசம்): “Bad”
– **Nalla** (நல்ல): “Good”
– **Vellai** (வெள்ளை): “White”
– **Karuppu** (கருப்பு): “Black”

Colors

– **Neela** (நீலம்): “Blue”
– **Pachai** (பச்சை): “Green”
– **Sevappu** (சிவப்பு): “Red”
– **Manjal** (மஞ்சள்): “Yellow”
– **Oodha** (ஊதா): “Purple”
– **Sigappu** (சிகப்பு): “Pink”
– **Saambal** (சாம்பல்): “Gray”

Verbs and Actions

Verbs are crucial for expressing actions. Here are some basic verbs:

– **Padu** (படு): “Sing”
– **Nadandu** (நடந்து): “Walk”
– **Odu** (ஓடு): “Run”
– **Kudi** (குடி): “Drink”
– **Saapidu** (சாப்பிடு): “Eat”
– **Vaa** (வா): “Come”
– **Poo** (போ): “Go”
– **Kelu** (கேள்): “Listen”
– **Paadu** (பாடு): “Read”
– **Ezhu** (எழு): “Write”
– **Thooku** (தூக்கு): “Lift”

Common Phrases

Knowing some common phrases can help you navigate basic conversations:

– **Ungal peyar enna?** (உங்கள் பெயர் என்ன?): “What is your name?”
– **En peyar…** (என் பெயர்…): “My name is…”
– **Neenga enga irukeenga?** (நீங்கள் எங்கு இருக்கீர்கள்?): “Where are you?”
– **Naan… irukiren** (நான் … இருக்கிறேன்): “I am in/at…”
– **Idhu evalavu?** (இது எவ்வளவு?): “How much is this?”
– **Enakku puriyala** (எனக்கு புரியவில்லை): “I don't understand.”
– **Thirumbi sollunga** (திரும்பி சொல்லுங்கள்): “Please say it again.”
– **Aamaam** (ஆம்): “Yes”
– **Illa** (இல்லை): “No”

Places and Directions

Being able to ask for and understand directions is essential for getting around:

– **Enga** (எங்கே): “Where”
– **Vali** (வழி): “Way” or “Path”
– **Mootai** (மூட்டை): “Bag”
– **Veedhi** (வீதி): “Street”
– **Samudhayam** (சமூகம்): “Community”
– **Mugavari** (முகவரி): “Address”
– **Pakkam** (பக்கம்): “Side”
– **Mannila** (மாநிலம்): “State”
– **Naadu** (நாடு): “Country”
– **Oor** (ஊர்): “Village” or “Town”

Transportation

– **Bus** (பேருந்து): “Bus”
– **Train** (ரயில்): “Train”
– **Vimanam** (விமானம்): “Airplane”
– **Vandi** (வண்டி): “Vehicle”
– **Nadappu** (நடப்பது): “Walking”
– **Ootu** (ஓட்டுதல்): “Driving”
– **Payanam** (பயணம்): “Travel”

Shopping and Money

Shopping involves a specific set of vocabulary. Here are some useful words:

– **Vangum idam** (வாங்கும் இடம்): “Shop”
– **Panam** (பணம்): “Money”
– **Kaasu** (காசு): “Cash”
– **Kadan** (கடன்): “Credit”
– **Vil** (விலை): “Price”
– **Selavu** (செலவு): “Expense”
– **Kadaisi** (கடைசி): “Last”
– **Mudhal** (முதல்): “First”
– **Porul** (பொருள்): “Item”

Clothing and Accessories

– **Thuni** (துணி): “Cloth” or “Clothing”
– **Sattai** (சட்டை): “Shirt”
– **Pant** (பேன்ட்): “Pants”
– **Saalvai** (சால்வை): “Scarf”
– **Muttai** (முட்டை): “Egg”
– **Kappal** (கப்பல்): “Ship”
– **Pattai** (பட்டை): “Belt”

Health and Body

Discussing health and body parts is crucial for any beginner:

– **Udambu** (உடம்பு): “Body”
– **Mudugu** (முதுகு): “Back”
– **Thalai** (தலை): “Head”
– **Kannu** (கண்): “Eye”
– **Mooku** (மூக்கு): “Nose”
– **Vayiru** (வயிறு): “Stomach”
– **Kaadhu** (காது): “Ear”
– **Kai** (கை): “Hand”
– **Kaal** (கால்): “Leg”
– **Noi** (நோய்): “Illness”

Medical Terms

– **Maruthuvan** (மருத்துவர்): “Doctor”
– **Marunthu** (மருந்து): “Medicine”
– **Aaspathiri** (ஆஸ்பத்திரி): “Hospital”
– **Noi** (நோய்): “Illness”
– **Azhai** (அழைப்பு): “Call”
– **Udavi** (உதவி): “Help”
– **Suththam** (சுத்தம்): “Clean”

Nature and Environment

Understanding words related to nature can be quite useful:

– **Maram** (மரம்): “Tree”
– **Poov** (பூ): “Flower”
– **Kaatru** (காற்று): “Wind”
– **Mazhai** (மழை): “Rain”
– **Nilam** (நிலம்): “Land”
– **Aaru** (ஆறு): “River”
– **Kadal** (கடல்): “Sea”
– **Mala** (மலை): “Mountain”
– **Veli** (வெளி): “Outside”

Weather

– **Veyil** (வெயில்): “Sun”
– **Kulir** (குளிர்): “Cold”
– **Veyyil** (வெய்யில்): “Heat”
– **Oli** (ஒளி): “Light”
– **Iravu** (இரவு): “Night”
– **Pagal** (பகல்): “Day”

Conclusion

Mastering these basic Tamil words will give you a strong foundation to build upon as you continue your language learning journey. Remember, practice is key. Try to use these words in daily conversations and immerse yourself in the language as much as possible. Tamil, with its rich history and culture, offers a rewarding experience for those who take the time to learn it. Happy learning!